the multi - store model of memory Flashcards
multi store model - define
a representation of how memory words in terms of three stores called the sensory register, short term memory and long term memory
sensory register - define
the memory stores for each of our five senses
who made the multi - store model ?
Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968)
draw up the multi store memory model
must include:
- stimulus from the environment
- sensory register ( iconic, echoic and other sensory stores )
- attention
- short term memory
- prolonged rehearsal
- response
- maintenance rehearsal
- retrieval
- long term memory
what is the first store of the multi store model of memory?
sensory register
- receives raw sense impressions
- coding is modality specific
- large capacity
- visual information is iconic memory
- acoustic memory coded as echoic memory
- short duration - half a sec
- large capacity
- information is passed to STM via attention
what is the second store of the multi - store model of memory ?
short term memory
- receives information from sensory register (attention)
- receives info from LTM (retrieval)
- keeps into in STM (maintenance rehearsal) or passes to LTM (elaborative rehearsal)
- coding is acoustic
- duration is 18-30 sec
- limited capacity (7+/- 2 items)
what is maintenance rehearsal ?
occurs when we repeat material to ourselves over ana over again - we can keep the info in our STM as long as we rehearse it
how does maintenance rehearsal lead to LTM ?
if we rehearse it long enough it passes into the LTM
what is third memory store of the multi - store model of memory ?
long term memory
- information enters LTM via rehearsal
- to use information, it is passed to STM (retrieval)
- coding is semantic
- duration is very long / permanent / infinite
- capacity is theoretically unlimited (forgotten info appears inaccessible)
strength - what does research support do for the MSM? (+ counterpoint)
P: support from research
E: Baddeley found we tend to mix up words that sound similar when we are using our STM’s
E: we tend to mix up words that have similar meanings when we use our LTM’s
L: studies show that STM and LTM are separate and independent memory stores as claimed by the MSM
limitation - what does more than one STM store do to the MSM?
P: evidence of more than one STM store
E: Shallice & Warrington studied a client they referred to as KF who had amnesia. KF’s STM for digits was very poor when read out to him
E: recall was much better when he read the digits to himself. further studies of KF and others showed that there could be another short term store for non verbal sounds (e.g. noises)
L: evidence suggests that the MSM is wrong in claiming that there is just one STM store processing different types of information
