The Multi Store Model (MSM) Flashcards

1
Q

Who developed the multi store model and what does it describe

A
  • Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) developed the Multi-Store Model of memory (MSM),
  • it describes the linear flow between three permanent storage systems of memory: the sensory register (SR), short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM).
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2
Q

What is the sensory register

A
  • Where information from the senses is stored
  • Has a duration of half a second before it is forgotten
  • Has a high capacity
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3
Q

How is information coded in the sensory register

A

Information is coded into different stores fro example Iconic-Visual infromation being coded visually and echoic- auditory information being coded acousitically

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4
Q

What is the STM

A
  • The limited capacity store
  • The capacity is 5-9 items
  • Information is coded acoustically
  • Duration is 30 seconds unless it is rehearsed
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5
Q

What is maintenance rehearsal

A

When material is repeated over and over again
If you do this enough the material can be passed onto the Long Term Memory

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6
Q

What is Long Term Memory

A

The permanent memory store for information that can be achieved through rehearsal for a long period of time
Information tends to be coded semantically
Unlimited duration
unlimited capacity

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7
Q

What is retrieval

A

When information needs to be recalled from LTM it has to be transferred back into the STM by retirveal

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8
Q

Supporting research evidence for MSM

A strength

A
  • A major strength of the MSM is that it is supported by research studies that show that the STM and LTM are qualitatively different
  • Baddeley found that we tend to mix up words that have similar meanings when we use our LTMs.
  • The strength of this is that ir reinforces that coding in the STM is acoustic an din the LTM it is semantic. So they are different
  • This supports the MSM’s view that these two memory stores are separate and independent
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9
Q

There is actually more than one type of STM

A weakness

A
  • The MSM states that the STM is a unitary store( only one type of STM)
  • However evidence from individuals suffering from amneisa show that this cannot be true
  • e.g. Shallice and Warrington (1970) studied a patient called KF
  • They found that KF’s short term memory for digits was very poor
  • But his recall was much better when he read the digits himself
  • Furthere studies of KF and other patients of amneisa reveal that there could be another STM store so the STM cannot be unitary

The WMM is a strength due to KF

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10
Q

there is actually more than one type of LTM

Weakness

A
  • There is a lot of reserach that The LTM as well as the STM is not a unitary store
  • For example we have one LTM store for our memories of facts about the world and have a different one for our memory of how to ride a bike
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11
Q

There is more than one type of rehearsal

Weakness

A
  • Accoridng to the MSM what matters in rehearsal is the amount of times you rehearse something in order to memorise it.
  • However Craik and Watkins (1973) found that this predicition is wron
  • What really matters is the type of rehearsal.
  • Maintenance rehearsal does not transfer information into LTM it just maintains it in the STM
  • Whereas Alaborative rehearsal si needed for LTM storage.
  • This occurs when you link the information to your existing knowledge
  • This is a serious limitation of the MSM beause it is another reserahc ifnding that cannot be exolained by the model
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