Explainations for forgetting: Retreival failure Flashcards

1
Q

What is retrieval failure

A
  • Retrieval failure is not being able to access memories that are there
  • It occurs when we dont have the necessary cues to access memory
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2
Q

What is a cue

A
  • A trigger of information that allows us to access a memory
  • Cues can be meaningful or indirectly linked to the information
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3
Q

What is encoding specificity principle

A

A cue that is present at encoding and at retrieval that helps you recall information

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4
Q

What is context dependent forgetting`

A
  • Aspects of the external environment work as cues to memory(e.g.sounds and smells).
  • So being in different places would inhibit memory as we would lack environmental cues
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5
Q

What is state dependent cues

A
  • Aspects of our internal environment work as cues to memory (e.g.emotions drugs).
  • So being in different emotional state would inhibit memory as we would lack state dependent cues
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6
Q

Two people carrying out a study on divers testing for context dependent forgetting (4)

A
  • Godden and Baddeley(1975) studied divers asking them to learn new material either on dry land or while underwater then tested either on dry land or water.
  • it was found that recall was worse in different context and best if same.
  • For example information that was learnt under the water was recalled best under the water
  • This suggests that being in the same environment for both learning and recalls aids recall by providing context cues
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7
Q

Testing for state dependent cues with ppts either drunk or sober (5)

A
  • Overton(1972) asked participants to learn material either drunk or sober.
  • Then tested them on this information when they were drunk or sober.
  • It was found that recall was worse if in different internal state and best in the same internal state.
  • For example information that was learnt drunk will be recalled best drunk.
  • This suggests being in the same state for both learning and recall aids recall by providing state dependent cues
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8
Q

What is category/organisational cues

A

Providing cues that relate to the organisation/category of memories may aid recall, as it is easier to find a file if the draws are labelled.

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9
Q

Category/organisation dependent cue ao3 (4)

A
  • Tulving and Pealstone (1966) Asked participants to learn 48 words.
  • The participants either used free recall or recall to match 12, 4 word categories.
  • It was found that participants recalled significantly more in category condition.
  • This suggests the categories agreed as cues and aiding recall
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