The Multi Store Model Flashcards
What is the first stage of the multi store model?
The incoming stimuli
What does the incoming stimuli go to on the model?
Sensory stores
What does a sensory store do?
Holds incoming stimuli briefly
What’s the capacity,duration and encoding of the sensory store?
Large capacity
0.25 to 2 second duration
Iconic and echoic store
What are the different types of sensory stores?
Echoic and iconic
What’s the echoic Store for?
Auditory information
What’s the iconic store for
Visual information ( temporary)
Who came up with the multi store model?
Atkinson and shriffrin 1968
What study looked into the duration of the STM & what was the method?
Peterson & Peterson 1959
- briefly showed people three letter and asked them to recall them after different delays (3,6,9,12,15,18)
- during the delays they had to count backwards
What was the result and conclusion of Peterson and Peterson’s study?
Results=after 3 seconds 80% could recall and after 18 seconds only 10% could recall
Conclusion= STM has a limited durations when rehearsal is prevented
Strengths and weaknesses of Pertersons study?
Strengths -reliable as lab experiments where variables can be controlled
Weaknesses-lacks ecological validity as trigrams aren’t used on a day to day basis
What study looked into encoding information of the STM? & what was the aim?
Baddeley 1966a
He devised an experiment assessing whether STM is based on sounds or words
What was Baddeleyes (A) method?
- Participants were given four sets of words that were either acoustically similar or dissimilar or semantically similar or dissimilar
- they were then asked to recall the words either immediately or after 20min task
What were the results of Baddeleys (a) study and what does this imply?
People correctly recalled significantly more words when they sound dissimilar to when they sounded similar
-implying that the STM uses acoustic encoding so similar sounding info is likely to get muddled up
What study looked into the compacity of the STM?
Millers magic number study
-measured how many musical notes people could remember in the STM
What was the result of millers magic number study?
People could remember between 5&9 musical notes
CAPACITY OF STM IS 7+ or minus 2
What study looked into encoding of the LTM?
Baddeley 1966b
Used the same method as the 1966a study but had a 20 min delay where they had to do another task before recalling the words
What was the findings of baddeleys 1966b study?
Recall was more accurate for dissimilar words(85%) compared to similar (55%)
-results simpler that the LTM involves the use of semantic encoding
What study looked into the duration of the LTM and what was the method?
Bahrick et al
392 participants ages between 17-74 were tested using 3 tests
1)recall test where they were asked to name the people in their graduate class
2)photo recognition test
3)name recognition test
What were the findings of Bahricks experiment?
Most accurate recall was of the photo recognition with 90% accuracy after 34 years
What’s the conclusion of Bahricks study?
Recall can be accurate over a very long period of time
What evidence is there for the damage to the LTM?
HM
Underwent surgery for severe epilepsy where is hippocampus was removed.
the surgery reduced his the epilepsy but start it altered his memory and he was no longer able to from new LTM
-showing evidence for the different stores
What evidence is there for damage to the STM?
Shallice and Warrington (1974)
Man had brain damage following a motor cycle accident
He had greatly reduced digit span and recency effect,but could form LTM
outline the primary and recency effects
Its been found that if people are given a long list of words and asked to recall it then the best recall if of the earlier items first (primary) and the final items (recency)
explain the primary and recency effects
recency-due to some words still being in the STM so can be relatively easily recalled
primary-due to early words having been rehearsed and placed in the LTM
