The Multi Store Model

Question 1

What is the first stage of the multi store model?

Answer 1

The incoming stimuli

Question 2

What does the incoming stimuli go to on the model?

Answer 2

Sensory stores

Question 3

What does a sensory store do?

Answer 3

Holds incoming stimuli briefly

Question 4

What’s the capacity,duration and encoding of the sensory store?

Answer 4

Large capacity
0.25 to 2 second duration
Iconic and echoic store

Question 5

What are the different types of sensory stores?

Answer 5

Echoic and iconic

Question 6

What’s the echoic Store for?

Answer 6

Auditory information

Question 7

What’s the iconic store for

Answer 7

Visual information ( temporary)

Question 8

Who came up with the multi store model?

Answer 8

Atkinson and shriffrin 1968

Question 9

What study looked into the duration of the STM & what was the method?

Answer 9

Peterson & Peterson 1959

• briefly showed people three letter and asked them to recall them after different delays (3,6,9,12,15,18)
• during the delays they had to count backwards

Question 10

What was the result and conclusion of Peterson and Peterson’s study?

Answer 10

Results=after 3 seconds 80% could recall and after 18 seconds only 10% could recall

Conclusion= STM has a limited durations when rehearsal is prevented

Question 11

Strengths and weaknesses of Pertersons study?

Answer 11

Strengths -reliable as lab experiments where variables can be controlled
Weaknesses-lacks ecological validity as trigrams aren’t used on a day to day basis

Question 12

What study looked into encoding information of the STM? & what was the aim?

Answer 12

Baddeley 1966a

He devised an experiment assessing whether STM is based on sounds or words

Question 13

What was Baddeleyes (A) method?

Answer 13

• Participants were given four sets of words that were either acoustically similar or dissimilar or semantically similar or dissimilar
• they were then asked to recall the words either immediately or after 20min task

Question 14

What were the results of Baddeleys (a) study and what does this imply?

Answer 14

People correctly recalled significantly more words when they sound dissimilar to when they sounded similar
-implying that the STM uses acoustic encoding so similar sounding info is likely to get muddled up

Question 15

What study looked into the compacity of the STM?

Answer 15

Millers magic number study

-measured how many musical notes people could remember in the STM

Question 16

What was the result of millers magic number study?

Answer 16

People could remember between 5&9 musical notes

CAPACITY OF STM IS 7+ or minus 2

Question 17

What study looked into encoding of the LTM?

Answer 17

Baddeley 1966b

Used the same method as the 1966a study but had a 20 min delay where they had to do another task before recalling the words

Question 18

What was the findings of baddeleys 1966b study?

Answer 18

Recall was more accurate for dissimilar words(85%) compared to similar (55%)
-results simpler that the LTM involves the use of semantic encoding

Question 19

What study looked into the duration of the LTM and what was the method?

Answer 19

Bahrick et al
392 participants ages between 17-74 were tested using 3 tests
1)recall test where they were asked to name the people in their graduate class
2)photo recognition test
3)name recognition test

Question 20

What were the findings of Bahricks experiment?

Answer 20

Most accurate recall was of the photo recognition with 90% accuracy after 34 years

Question 21

What’s the conclusion of Bahricks study?

Answer 21

Recall can be accurate over a very long period of time

Question 22

What evidence is there for the damage to the LTM?

Answer 22

HM
Underwent surgery for severe epilepsy where is hippocampus was removed.
the surgery reduced his the epilepsy but start it altered his memory and he was no longer able to from new LTM
-showing evidence for the different stores

Question 23

What evidence is there for damage to the STM?

Answer 23

Shallice and Warrington (1974)

Man had brain damage following a motor cycle accident
He had greatly reduced digit span and recency effect,but could form LTM

Question 24

outline the primary and recency effects

Answer 24

Its been found that if people are given a long list of words and asked to recall it then the best recall if of the earlier items first (primary) and the final items (recency)

Question 25

explain the primary and recency effects

Answer 25

recency-due to some words still being in the STM so can be relatively easily recalled
primary-due to early words having been rehearsed and placed in the LTM