The Multi-Store Model

Question 1

What 3 stores are the multi-store model made of?

Answer 1

Sensory store
Short-term memory
Long-term memory

Question 2

Who made the Multi Store model?

Answer 2

Atkinson and Shiffrin

Question 3

How does each store pass information?

Answer 3

Info from sensory travels to STM through attention

Info from STM to LTM travels through elaborative rehearsal and keeps info in STM by maintenance rehearsal

Info from LTM to STM travels through retrieval

Question 4

How do we forget?

Answer 4

Decay (sensory, STM,LTM)
Displacement (STM)
Retrieval failure (LTM)
Interference (LTM)

Question 5

Encoding, capacity, duration and forgetting- SENSORY STORE

Answer 5

Encoding- from sensors
Capacity- limited
Duration- very limited
Forgetting- Decay/ not paying attention

Question 6

Encoding, capacity, duration and forgetting- STM

Answer 6

Encoding- acoustically
Capacity- 7+/- 2 items
Duration- limited (20) seconds
Forgetting- Through displacement

Question 7

Encoding, capacity, duration and forgetting- LTM

Answer 7

Encoding- semantically
Capacity- unlimited (forever)
Duration- unlimited (lifetime)
Forgetting- retrieval failure, interference

Question 8

Miller’s Research (Aim, Method & Findings) STM

Answer 8

AIM: capacity of STM
METHOD: used the digit-span technique
FINDINGS: span of immediate memory is 7 items. Can recall 5 words or letters through chunking information. Shows capacity of STM is 7+/-2 items

Question 9

Peterson & Peterson Research (Aim, Method & Findings) STM

Answer 9

AIM: find duration of STM
METHOD: 24 participants had to recall trigrams presented one at a time. Had to count backwards in 3’s. Then told to stop counting after different amount of intervals (3,6,9,12,15,18, 20 seconds)
FINDINGS: after 3s pps only recalled 80% of trigrams but after 18s they only recalled 10% trigrams. Shows duration of STM is 18-30 seconds.

Question 10

Bharrick’s research (Aim, Method & Findings) LTM

Answer 10

AIM: Duration of LTM
METHOD: 400 participants aged 17-74 memory was tested to identify classmates from high school yearbook.
FINDINGS: Those who left 15 yrs ago recalled 90% of faces & names. Those who left 48 yrs ago recalled 70% of faces & names. Shoes LTM has a lifetime of duration but decays overtime.

Question 11

Baddeley’s Research (Aim, Method & Findings) STM & LTM

Answer 11

AIM: encoding of STM & LTM
METHOD: pp’s presented 1 of 4 lists ( A) acoustically similar, B) acoustically dissimilar, C) semantically similar & D) semantically dissimilar)
For STM pps were given the list with the original words in the wrong order and asked to rearrange them into the correct order.
For LTM, same task but with a 20 min delay and performed another task in the meantime to prevent rehearsal.
FINDINGS: STM, pps given list A performed worst, had recall of 10% as they confused the words. Whereas recall for other lisst was 60-80%.
LTM List C performed the worst with recall of 5.5% as meanings of words were similar. Other lists recall was 70-85%.
Shows STM- encodes acoustically, LTM- encodes semantically.

Question 12

Glanzer & Cunitz (Aim, Method & Findings) STM & LTM

Answer 12

AIM: distinct stores within memory
METHOD: Asked pp’s to learn a list of words with a length of 10-40 words and had to free recall them. Words presented between 1-2secs.
FINDINGS: words earlier(primacy effect) and later (recency effect) in the list were recalled more whereas the words in the middle were forgotten. Known as serial position effect.
Shows words earlier were rehearsed into LTM and last words transferred into LTM