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Psychology P1: Memory > The Multi-Store Model > Flashcards

The Multi-Store Model Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 stores of memory

A

Sensory Store
Short term Memory
Long term Memory

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2
Q

What are the two terms to describe the multi store model

A

Linear model with Unitary Stores

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3
Q

What is the capacity of sensory memory

A

Limited

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4
Q

What is the duration of sensory memory

A

0.5-2 seconds

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5
Q

How is information encoded in the sensory memory

A

Iconic
Echoic
Haptic

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6
Q

TRUE OR FALSE we know how forgetting occurs within the sensory memory

A

FALSE
It is unknown how we forget sensory memory

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7
Q

Who researched the sensory memory’s existence

A

Sperling (1960)

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8
Q

What was the aims of Sperlings research into sensory memory

A

To find out the existence of sensory memory

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9
Q

What was the procedure of sperlings research into sensory memory

A

P.t asked to look at a chart for 50 milliseconds and then asked to recall as many letters as possible

The p.t then had to recall single rows of letter when particular tones were heard

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10
Q

What were the findings of sperlings findings of sensory memory

A

Participants could only remember 4-5 letters although they were aware of more

Second instance p.ts on avg recalled 3 items from the row indicated

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11
Q

What did sperling conclude from his experiment

A

It is thought that the image of each item fades during the 50ms and the time it takes to report back recalled items

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12
Q

What is encoding

A

How sensory input is represented in each memory store

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13
Q

Define capacity

A

How much information can be stored

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14
Q

Define duration

A

How long the information can be held in storage

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15
Q

What is the capacity of short term memory loss

A

7+-2 items

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16
Q

What is the encoding of short term memory

A

Mainly acoustic

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17
Q

Who researched capacity of short term memory

A

Jacob’s (1887)

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18
Q

Who researched duration of short term memory

A

Peterson and Peterson (1959)

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19
Q

What type of forgetting occurs in the short term memory store

A

Displacement

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20
Q

What is the duration of short term memory

A

Up to 30 secs without rehearsal

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21
Q

What type of rehearsal keeps information in the short term memory

A

Maintenance rehearsal

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22
Q

What type of rehearsal takes information from the short term memory to long term memory

A

Elaborative rehearsal

23
Q

what did Jacobs research to do with STM

A

CAPACITY

24
Q

what was the aim of jacobs study into capacity of STM

A

to find out the STM’s capacity

25
Q

what was the procedure of jacobs study into the STM’s capacity

A

p.t are given a series of digits to recall immediately and in the same order as it continues the list gets progressively longer

26
Q

what was the findings of Jacobs study

A

p.t could remember up to the limit of 9 and on average being up to 7 and the lower boundary of 5

27
Q

what was the conclusion of Jacob’s study

A

that short term memory must have a limited capacity of 7+-2

28
Q

what part of the STM did baddeley investigate

A

ENCODING

29
Q

what was the aim of baddeleys study into STM

A

to investigate the encoding style of STM

30
Q

what was the procedure of baddeley’s study into STM

A

p.t were shown a sequence of 5 words to recall from one of 4 categories
-acoustically similar words e.g (cap/can)
-acoustically dissimilar words e.g (you/boom)
-semantically similar words e.g (ocean/sea)
-semantically dissimilar words e.g
(hills/wife)

31
Q

what were the results of baddeley’s study into STM

A

10% = acoustically similar words
80% = acoustically dissimilar words

p.t confused by acoustically similar words

32
Q

what was the conclusion of baddeley’s research into STM

A

in the STM we convert visual material into acoustic code and find it difficult to distinguish between info that sounds the same

33
Q

who researched DURATION of STM

A

peterson & peterson
(couple goals!)

34
Q

what was the aim of peterson & petersons research into STM

A

to investigate the duration of STM

35
Q

what was the procedure of peterson & petersons research into STM

A
  • asked p.t to remember a trigram e.g FDO, PRL, YLS
    -then they gave p.t a distractor task to stop rehearsal of the trigram
    -the p.t were asked to recall the trigram after 3,6,9,12,15, and 18 secs for perfect recall of the trigram
36
Q

what was the results of peterson & petersons research into STM

A

after 3 secs, p.t could recall about 80% of the trigrams correctly after 18 secs only 10% were recalled correctly

37
Q

what was the conclusion of peterson & petersons research into STM

A

when rehearsals prevented very little can stay in the STM for longer than 18 secs

38
Q

what is the LTMs capacity

A

Potentially unlimitled

39
Q

what is the LTMs duration

A

potentially limitless but can be subject to decay

40
Q

what is the LTM encoding

A

semantically (using meaning)

41
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: is it generally accepted that the LTMs capacity is unlimited

A

TRUE

42
Q

who researched encoding of information in the LTM

A

BADDELEY

43
Q

what was the aim of baddeley’s study into LTM

A

to investigate the encoding style of STM

44
Q

what was the procedure of baddeley’s study into LTM

A

p.t were shown a sequence of 5 words to recall from one of 2 categories

-semantically similar words e.g (ocean/sea)
-semantically dissimilar words e.g
(hills/wife)

p.t asked to write the list down 20 mins after

45
Q

what were the results of baddeley’s study into STM

A

10% = acoustically similar words
80% = acoustically dissimilar words
64% = semantically similar words
71% = semantically dissimilar words

p.t betterat recalling words that were semantically similar

46
Q

what was the conclusion of baddeley’s research into LTM

A

when storing info in the LTM, its better recalled if encoded semantically

47
Q

who researched duration of information in the LTM

A

BAHRICK ET AL

48
Q

what was the aim of baddeley’s research into the LTM

A

establish the encoding of LTM

49
Q

what was the procedure of bahrick research into the LTM

A

-investigators tracked down graduates form a high school in america over a 50 year period
-392 graduates were shown photographs from their yearbook
-for each photo a group of p.t were given the names of people and asked to match them up
-another group were simply asked to name the people in the photos without being given the list of names

50
Q

what were the results of Barhicks study into the LTM duration

A

name matching condition:
90% correct 14 years after graduation
But
60% correct 47 years after grad

identification condition:
60% correct 7 years after grad
20% correct 47 years after grad

51
Q

what were the conclusions of bahrick’s research into LTM’s duration

A

people can remember certain types of info for almost a lifetime however the accuracy diminishes due to decay

52
Q

what is a limitation of the multi store model of memory

A

P:it could be argued this theory only explains lab based research
E: much of the supporting research was based in lab settings with artificial tasks and high levels of control
E:it must be questioned whether its similar enough to the real world/replicates real life
L:question if the theory itself can explain real world behaviour or only explain lab based experiments does it lack external validity

53
Q

whats a strength of the multi store model of memory

A

P:the model has been supported by a body of research
E: researchers peterson and peterson conducted an experiment using trigrams and a distractor task having to recall the trigram after different lengths of time
E:they found that theres a limit to short term memory and information can be displaced overtime
L:this supports the validity of the model as there is empirical evidence to support claims

Psychology P1: Memory (6 decks)

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