The multi store model Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was the multi-store model devised by?

A

Atkinson and Shiffren

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2
Q

What is the sensory register (SR)?

A

The automatic response to the reception of sensory information by the sense organs.

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3
Q

How is the SR coded?

A

There are Separate sensory stores for different sensory inputs - echoic store for auditory info, iconic store for visual, haptic store for tactile, gustatory store for taste & olfactory for smell.

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4
Q

What is Crowders research on the coding of the SR?

A

Found that SR only retains info in the iconic store for a few milliseconds but for 2-3 seconds within echoic store.

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5
Q

What is the capacity of the SR?

A

Large

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6
Q

What is Sterling’s research on the capacity of the SR?

A

Flashed a 3x4 grid of letters onto a screen for one-twentieth of a second & asked participants to recall the letters of one row. He sounded different tones to indicate which row had to be recalled - recall of letters in the indicated row was high - so all info already there - so SR large.

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7
Q

What is the duration of the SR?

A

It is brief but it varies between different sensory stores

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8
Q

What is Walsh and Thompson’s research on the duration of the SR?

A

Found that the iconic sensory store has an average of 500 milliseconds which decreases as people get older - this suggests duration of sensory memories is limited & dependent on age

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9
Q

What is short term memory (STM)?

A

It temporarily stores info received from the SR. It is an active memory system as it contains info currently being thought about.

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10
Q

What is the coding of the STM?

A

Mainly acoustic but also visually and semantically.

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11
Q

What is the procedure for Baddeley’s research into the influence of acoustic & semantic similarities on STM & LTM?

A

75 pp’s were shown one word list repeated 4 times:
List A - acoustically similar words
List B - acoustically dissimilar words
List C - semantically similar words
List D - semantically dissimilar words
Had to rearrange words in correct order for STM & same for LTM with 20 minute interval.

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12
Q

What are the findings for Baddeley’s research into the influence of acoustic & semantic similarities on STM & LTM?

A

For STM, those given list A did the worst - recall of 10% - They confused similar sounding words.
For LTM, those with list C performed the worst - recall of 55% - they confused similar meaning words.

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13
Q

Give evaluations for Baddeley’s research into the influence of acoustic & semantic similarities on STM & LTM.

A

Lab study so may lack ecological validity but can be replicated.
The small difference in recall between semantically similar & dissimilar lists suggests there’s also semantic coding in STM.

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14
Q

What is the capacity of the STM?

A

5-9 items can be held but can be increased by chunking.

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15
Q

What is Miller’s research on the capacity of the STM?

A

Found that the chunk was the basic unit of STM - this means that 5-9 chunks can be held at any one time - increasing the stores capacity.

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16
Q

What is the duration of the STM?

A

Small - 30 seconds - can be extended by rehearsal of the info.

17
Q

What is Marsh et al’s research on the duration of the STM?

A

Found that if pp’s weren’t expecting to have to recall info, STM duration was only 2-4 seconds - suggests duration of STM is affected by the amount of time taken to process info.

18
Q

What is Long term memory (LTM)?

A

Storing info over lengthy periods of time - info stored for longer than 30 seconds considered LTM. Different types of LTM & each one has different strengths.

19
Q

What is the coding of LTM?

A

Mostly semantic but it occurs also in other codes.

20
Q

What is Frost’s research into the coding of the LTM?

A

Gave pp’s 16 drawings in 4 categories, differing in visual orientation - the order of recall of items suggests they used visual and semantic coding.

21
Q

What is the capacity of LTM?

A

Unlimited

22
Q

What is Anokhin’s research on the capacity of LTM?

A

Estimated the no. of possible neuronal connections in the human brain is 1 followed by 10.5 mill km of noughts. He concluded that no human exists who can use all potential of their brain.

23
Q

What is the duration of the LTM?

A

Potentially for a lifetime.

24
Q

What is Barrack et al’s research on the duration of the LTM?

A

Showed 400 pp’s aged 17-74 a set of photos and list of names and asked them to identify ex-school friends. Those who left high school in the last 15 years identified 90% of faces and names. Those who left 48 years previously identified 80% - memory for faces is long lasting.

25
Q

What are the strengths of the Muti-store model?

A

Influential as it was the first cognitive explanation of memory.
Lots of research evidence to support.

26
Q

What are the limitations of the multi-store model?

A

Oversimplified - it assumes that there are single STM & LTM stores.
Focuses too much on structure and not enough on processes.