the multi-store model

Question 1

multi-store model

Answer 1

representation of how memory works - three stores

sensory register
short-term memory
long-term memory

Question 2

stages of msm

Answer 2

stimulus from the environment to sensory register

attention causes information to move to short term memory

prolonged rehearsal causes movement to long term memory

maintenance rehearsal causes to move to stm back to ltm - repeating the material

retrieval causes moving from ltm to stm

response or remembering from stm

Question 3

who proposed the msm

Answer 3

atkinson and shiffrin

Question 4

sensory reigster

Answer 4

all stimuli - pass into sensory register

coding is modality-specific

visual - iconic memory
acoustic - echoic

duration - very brief - less than half a second
very high capacity

Question 5

short-term memory

Answer 5

mainly acoustically

lasts about 18 seconds unless rehearsed

limited-capacity 7+-2

maintenance rehearsal occurs we repeat material to ourselves over and over

keep information in stm as long as we rehearse it

if we rehearse it long enough - ltm

Question 6

long-term memory

Answer 6

potentially permanent memory store - information that has been rehearsed for a prolonged time

coded mostly semantically

duration may be up to a lifetime - bahrick et al

transferred back to stm by retrieval

Question 7

research supportr

Answer 7

P - strength - support from studies showing stm and ltm different
E - baddeley - different types of stores - mix up sound similar stm and mix up similar meanings ltm
E - studies of capacity and duration
L - stm and ltm are separate independent stores as claimed by MSM

P - in everyday life- we form memories related to all sorts of information eg faces, names, places
E - many studies that support msm do not use these materials
E - instead use letters, digits or meaning stimuli - consonant syllables
L - msm may not be valid model for everyday life for meaningful information

Question 8

more than one STM store

Answer 8

P - limited as msm evidence of more than one stm store
E - Shallice and Warrington - studied client - KF - amnesia
E - STM for digits was poor when read out but when read to himself was much better - other forms of stm for non-verbal sounds
L - evidence suggests that msm is wrong in claiming there is one stm store processing information

Question 9

elaborative rehearsal

Answer 9

P - limitation - prolonged rehearsal not needed for transfer of LTM
E - what matters about rehearsal is the amount of it - the more you rehearse something the more likely it is to transfer to LTM
E - Craik and Watkins - type of rehearsal is more important - elaborative rehearsal - linking to information to existing knowledge
L - msm does not fully explain how long-term storage is achieved