The Military orders

Question 1

When was the Order of The Temple founded?

Answer 1

1120

Question 2

In what year did the Templars receive Papal endorsement?

Answer 2

1129

From Bernard of Clairveux

Question 3

In what year did the Templars receive official recognition from the Pope and were made exempt from tithes and taxes?

Answer 3

1139

By the Bull Omne Datum Optimum

Question 4

Give 4 ways the military orders enabled the survival of the Crusader States.

Answer 4

1) Solved the manpower shortage
2) Provided a supranational financial infrastructure
3) Built, maintained and manned defensive fortresses
4) Provided trained, highly disciplined and fanatical support to Crusader armies

Question 5

Give two ways the military orders were detrimental to the survival of the Crusader states.

Answer 5

1) Undermined royal authority
2) Their fanatical zeal (Particularly the Grand Master’s association with Reynald de Chatillion) aggravated and united Muslim neighbours against the Crusaders.

Question 6

Krak des Chevaliers, Montreal and Latrun are all examples of what?

Answer 6

Templar fortresses, they held 7 great fortresses in the Holy Land

Question 7

How did the Templars’ solve the manpower shortage in Outremer?

Answer 7

Their strong presence in Europe meant many 2nd sons joined the Order, this provided a stream of trained troops to the Holy Land.