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History: first year > The Middle Ages > Flashcards

The Middle Ages Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was at the top of the feudal system?

A

The king

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2
Q

Who was at the bottom of the feudal system?

A

Peasants and serfs

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3
Q

Who was below the king?

A

Lords and ladies

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4
Q

Who was below the fief

A

The Knights

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5
Q

What was a motte and Bailey made from?

A

Wood

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6
Q

What was a motte?

A

A hill

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7
Q

What was a Bailey?

A

A court yard

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8
Q

What often surrounded the castle?

A

A moat

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9
Q

What is a moat

A

A ditch filled with water or sewage

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10
Q

Name one problem with building a motte and Bailey?

A

It could easily be set on fire

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11
Q

what was the most important building in a stone castle?

A

The Keep

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12
Q

why were windows small in stone castles?

A

to prevent arrows from being fired through them

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13
Q

What were the toilets called?

A

garderobe

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14
Q

What was the most important room in the keep?

A

The Great Hall

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15
Q

What were round towers called?

A

Turrets

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16
Q

What was sometimes poured onto enemies?

A

Boiling oil and quicklime

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17
Q

What was used to cross the moat?

A

Drawbridge

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18
Q

What was another name for a gatehouse?

A

barbican

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19
Q

What was a siege?

A

It was a form of attack that involved surrounding the castle and starving the people inside

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20
Q

How could they break through the gates?

A

They could use a battering ram

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21
Q

What was another name for a catapult?

A

mangonel

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22
Q

How could they get over the wall?

A

use a siege tower or a rope ladder

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23
Q

Who carried out most of the tasks on behalf of the lord?

A

The estate steward

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24
Q

Who were responsible for collecting rent and fines?

A

The Bailiff

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25
Q

Who acted as the judge?

A

the lord

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26
Q

How did they fix the smell of meat?

A

They used spices

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27
Q

What were trenchers?

A

they were large pieces of stale bread used as plates.

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28
Q

What was the feudal system

A

It was a scale on how important someone was.

29
Q

What age were most ladies married at?

A

14

30
Q

what was one of her jobs?

A

over seeing the salting of the meat and the upbringing of children.

31
Q

Who were men-at arms?

A

archers, knights, foot soldiers and watchmen.

32
Q

How long did it take to become a knight?

A

15 years

33
Q

What age did training to become a knight begin?

A

6-7

34
Q

what was a knights first title?

A

page

35
Q

where did the page live?

A

the lords castle

36
Q

what did pages learn

A

good manners, to read and write, basic fighting skills

37
Q

what did pages fight with?

A

wooden swords and shields

38
Q

At what age did a page become a squire?

A

14

39
Q

What did a squire look after?

A

The knights horse

40
Q

At what age could a squire become a knight?

A

21

41
Q

what was the knighting ceremony called?

A

accolade

42
Q

What did a knight wear during his knighting ceremony?

A

a white tunic, a red robe, and a black jacket.

43
Q

What armour did a knight wear?

A

chain mail, plate armour, gauntlets, a helmet,

44
Q

How did knights keep fit?

A

they attended tournaments such as jousting

45
Q

What was another name for a manor?

A

a grange

46
Q

how many huts would be in a manor

A

20-30

47
Q

what was the open field system?

A

it was wear the land was divided into three acre strips. They would grow crops in two and leave the third to regenerate

48
Q

Where could peasants graze their animals?

A

common land

49
Q

what was in a grange?

A

a church, a village, a water mill, the lords manor and common land.

50
Q

What was the tithe?

A

It was where peasants had to give 1/10 of their crops to the church.

51
Q

What was pottage?

A

vegetable stew

52
Q

How long did Christmas last?

A

12 days

53
Q

What date do Christmas celebrations end?

A

6th January

54
Q

What celebration is on may 1st?

A

Its a celebration where everyone dresses in green and a girl and boy dress as the king and queen. They cut down a tree and dance around it. This tree is called a maypole.

55
Q

What happens if a fine is not paid?

A

The persons animals are taken to a pound.

56
Q

Who ran medieval towns?

A

The town council and the mayor

57
Q

What was the list of rules called?

A

A charter

58
Q

What did apprentices eat?

A

A roast joint of beef, lamb, chicken and pork

59
Q

When could a boy become a journeyman?

A

After 7 years of training

60
Q

What was journey man able to do?

A

Work for free.

61
Q

How could a journeyman enter a guild?

A

He would make a masterpiece and it would be accepted by the guild.

62
Q

What were the rules of the guild?

A
  • You couldn’t work before sunrise or after dark
  • All shops had to be closed for dinner on Saturday
  • They must stay closed on Sundays
  • Prices were fixed to stop underselling
  • the guild dealt with disputes between masters and journeymen and apprentices
63
Q

What did monks wear?

A

habit.

64
Q

Where could monks pray in silence?

A

the cloister

65
Q

Who in the monastery looked after the visitors and fed the poor?

A

almoner

66
Q

When was the black plague outbreak?

A

1347

67
Q

When did the first normans arrive in waterford?

A

1169

68
Q

What did the normans bring to Ireland?

A
  • towns

- the feudal system

69
Q

List some medieval punishments

A
  • the stocks
  • pillory
  • scold bridle
  • hurdle (wooden sleigh)

History: first year (8 decks)

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