The Middle Ages

Question 1

The Crusades

Answer 1

First – 1096-99 – Take Jerusalem
Second 1148-49 – failure–Edessa lost
Three- King’s Crusade – 1189-1192- Moslems retake Jerusalem (Saladin)
Fourth – 1202-1204- Lost Constantinople
Children’s – 1212
Fifth & Sixth 1218-1229 – somewhat retrieve Jerusalem, Bethlehem and Nazareth.
Seventh & Eighth – 1248-1270

Question 2

Benefits & Negatives of Crusades

Answer 2

Benefits: Medicine & Nursing, Trade & Mobility,
Missionary Activity increased

Negatives: Religious tension, Church growth through force, Income Tax

Question 3

Responses to Religious War

Answer 3

Passivism – Anabaptist
Holy War – Calvinist
Just War – Lutheran
* In 16th Century Denominations made political stands against War

Question 4

Scholasticism (def.)

Answer 4

An attempt to rationalize theology in order to buttress faith by reason.
Religion would be defined by academics & philosophy rather than from a Biblical point of view

Question 5

Scholasticism: Important Changes

Answer 5

Cathedral School established which allowed more scholarship
Systematic theology was split apart from Biblical Study
Theology went up – Bible study went down
Commentaries replaced the study of the Word
Universities sprouted up all Over

Question 6

Mysticism

Answer 6

A response to Scholasticism which urged direct contact with God in the act of worship instead of passively participating in the coldly formal acts of worship performed by clergymen and scholars.
Intuition
Contemplation

Question 7

Mysticism: Disciplines

Answer 7

Inward Disciplines
Outward Disciplines
Corporate Disciplines

Question 8

New Monastic Orders

Answer 8

Saint Bernard of Clairvaux

Saint Francis of Assisi

Question 9

Inward Disciplines

Answer 9

Prayer
Scripture Reading
Meditation
Fasting
Study

Question 10

Outward Disciplines

Answer 10

Simplicity
Solitude
Submission
Service

Question 11

Corporate Disciplines

Answer 11

Worship
Confession
Guidance
Celebration