The Microcytic Anemias Flashcards
What is the causes of iron deficiency anemia?
Low iron due to lack in diet or lack of absorption
What is the iron status of IDA
decreased iron, decreased ferritin
What are the risk factors of IDA
Pregnancy, GI issues, increased bleeding
The symptoms of IDA are
fatigue, pica, koilonychia (spooning of the nails), and cheilitis (chapping around the edges of the mouth)
What is the hematologic picture or lab results of IDA
microcytic, hypochromic anemia
What are treatments to IDA
iron supplements, sometimes iron transfusion
What is the cause to ACD/AIO
due to secondary condition, the iron is blocked
What are the risk factors of ACD/AIO
infections, inflammation, RA (rheumatoid arthritis), and CKD (Chronic Kidney Disease
What is the iron status of ACD/AIO
decreased iron, increased ferritin, increased hepcidin
What is the hematologic picture or lab results of ACD/AIO
microcytic, hypochromic
What are the treatments for ACD/AIO
to treat the underlying factors
What is the cause of sideroblastic anemia
Accumulation of iron in the mitochondria: defective synthesis of heme
What is the iron status of sideroblastic anemia
increased iron, increased ferritin
What is the hematologic picture or lab results of sideroblastic anemia
Microcytic, Hypochromic, Dimorphism, Pappenheimer bodies
What is the cause to hereditary hemochromatosis
it is inherited, iron overload
What is the iron status of hereditary hemochromatosis
increased iron, increased ferritin
What are the risk factors to hereditary hemochromatosis
it leads to organ failure
What are some symptoms of hereditary hemochromatosis
tender & swollen joints, chronic fatigue weakness
What is the hematologic picture or lab results for hereditary hemochromatosis
ferritin over 200-300
What are some treatments for hereditary hemochromatosis
therapeutic phlebotomy; chelation
What are the alpha thalassemia’s
Bart’s Thalassemia/Hydrops fetalis, Hemoglobin H, Alpha trait (minor), and silent carrier
What is the cause of Bart’s Thalassemia/ Hydrops Fetalis
the four alpha-globin genes are defective
What is the iron status of Bart’s Thalassemia
it is not iron related
What are the symptoms of Bart’s Thalassemia
it is incompatible with life so it causes miscarriages & stillbirth
What is the hematologic picture or lab results for Bart’s Thalassemia
Hgb Bart, no hgb F, and no hgb A
What is the cause to Hemoglobin H
three alpha-globin genes are defective
What is the iron status of Hemoglobin H
it is not iron related
What is the hematologic picture or lab results for Hemoglobin H
Hgb H formed instead of A, hgb H inclusions
What is the cause of Alpha trait (minor)
two alpha-globin genes are defective
What is the iron status of Alpha trait (minor)
it is not iron related
What is the hematologic picture or lab results of Alpha trait (minor)
mild anemia
What is the cause of Silent Carrier
one alpha-globin gene are defective
What is the iron status of Silent Carrier
it is not iron related
What is the hematologic picture or lab results for Silent Carrier
normal CBC, slightly microcytic
What are the beta thalassemia’s
Beta Major/Cooley’s anemia/Mediterranean, Beta minor
What is the cause of Beta Major/Cooley’s anemia/Mediterranean
two deleted or defective beta genes
What is the iron status of Beta Major/Cooley’s anemia/Mediterranean
it is not iron related
What is the symptoms of Beta Major/Cooley’s anemia/Mediterranean
it is the most severe, causes bossing (enlargement of the skull bones)
What is the hematologic picture or lab results of Beta Major/Cooley’s anemia/Mediterranean
Hgb F and A2 increased, NRBC’s increased, schistocytes, and target cells
How is Beta Major/Cooley’s anemia/Mediterranean treated
multiple blood transfusions may lead to iron overload
What is the cause of Beta minor
one defective beta gene
What is the iron status of Beta minor
it is not iron related but it mimics IDA
What is the hematologic picture or lab results of Beta minor
hgb A2 and F are increased, RBC increased, basophilic stipplings, and target cells
What is hepcidin
a liver hormone that regulates how the body uses iron
What is transferrin
a protein that binds iron and transports, the transferrin receptors on pronormoblasts bind iron
What is TIBC (Total Iron Binding Capacity)
the capacity of transferrin to bind bind iron, or a blood test that measures the amount of iron that the protein transferrin can bind to in the blood
What is ferritin
a storage form of iron in bone marrow
What is hemosiderin
a major long term storage of iron (found in urine)
