The Macrocytic Anemias Flashcards
What is megaloblastic
impaired DNA synthesis, ineffective erythropoiesis
What is categorized under megaloblastic
Pernicious anemia (Vitamin B-12 deficiency) and folic acid
What is the cause of Pernicious anemia (Vitamin B-12 deficiency)
a lack of intrinsic factor, B-12 cannot be absorbed
What are the symptoms of Pernicious anemia (Vitamin B-12 deficiency)
glossitis, dyspepsia, neurological problems
What is the hematologic picture of Pernicious anemia (Vitamin B-12 deficiency)
Pancytopenia
Macrocytosis
Hyper-segmented neutrophils
Macro-ovalocytes
Retic decreased
MMA increased
Homocysteine increased
Schilling Test
How long does depletion take for Pernicious anemia and how is it treated
Depletion takes years
to develop;
Life-long therapy;
monthly supplements
What is the cause of folic acid deficiency
poor diet, it is common in alcoholics
What are the symptoms of folic acid deficiency
decreased levels in pregnancy lead to neural tube defects
How long does depletion take for folic acid and how is it treated
Depletions takes
months;
Short-term therapy;
Corrected with diet
and/or medication
What are some example of nonmegalobastic macrocytic anemia
alcoholism, liver disease, and hemolytic anemia
What is nonmegaloblastic anemia
macrocytosis not caused by B12 or folic acid deficiency
What is the hematological picture for nonmegaloblastic anemia
mild macrocytosis: MCV>105, polychromasia, and RBC’s are round
