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THE micro FINAL Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following are the building blocks of proteins?
a. amino acids
b. monosaccarides
c. nucleotides
d. peptides

A

A. amino acids

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2
Q

Glucose, sucrose, and cellulose are examples of:
a. carbohydrates
b. disaccharides
c. monosaccharides
d. polysaccarides

A

A. carbohydrates

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3
Q

Which of the following nitrogenous bases is not found in an RNA molecule?
a. adenine
b. guanine
c. thymine
d. uracil

A

C. thymine

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4
Q

Which of the following are purines?
a. adenine and guanine
b. adenine and thymine
c. guanine and uracil
d. guanine and cytosine

A

A. adenine and guanine

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5
Q

Which of the following is not found at the site of protein synthesis?
a. DNA
b. mRNA
c. rRNA
d. tRNA

A

A. DNA

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6
Q

Which of the following statements are true about DNA? Select all that apply.
a. DNA contains thymine but not uracil
b. DNA molecules contain deoxyribose
c. In a double-stranded DNA molecule, adenine on one strand will be connected to thymine on the complementary strand by 2 hydrogen bonds
d. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

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7
Q

The amino acids in a polypeptide chain are connected by:
a. covalent bonds
b. glycosidic bonds
c. peptide bonds
d. both a and c

A

D. both A and C

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8
Q

Which of the following statements are true about nucleotides? Select all that apply.
a. A nucleotide contains a nitrogenous base
b. A nucleotide contains a pentose
c. A nucleotide contains a phosphate group
d. all of the above

A

D. all of the above

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9
Q

How many carbon atoms does a heptose contain?

A

7

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10
Q

Virtually, all enzymes are:
a. carbohydrates
b. nucleic acids
c. proteins
d. substrates

A

C. proteins

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11
Q

What are the building blocks of proteins?

A

Amino Acids

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12
Q

The end product of _______ is a messenger RNA molecule.

A

Transcription

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13
Q

The end product of _____ is a protein.

A

Translation

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14
Q

T or F
The basic structure of a cell membrane is a lipid bilayer

A

True

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15
Q

During Translation, amino acids are ‘activated’ by attaching to an appropriate _______ molecule.

A

tRNA

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16
Q

T or F
The peptide bonds that hold amino acids together in protein molecules are examples of covalent bonds

A

True

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17
Q

The microbes that usually live on or in a person are collectively referred to as:
a. germs
b. indigenous microbiota
c. nonpathogens
d. opportunistic pathogens

A

B. indigenous microbiota

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18
Q

Microbes that live on dead and decaying organic material are known as:
a. indigenous microbiota
b. parasites
c. pathogens
d. saprophytes

A

D. Saprophytes

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19
Q

Which of the following are even smaller than viruses?
a. chlamydias
b. prions and viroids
c. rickettsias
d. cyanobacteria

A

B. prions and viroids

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20
Q

A Protective Environment would be appropriate for a patient:
a. infected with MRSA
b. with leukopenia
c. with pneumonic plague
d. with tuberculosis

A

B. with leukopenia

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21
Q

Contact Precautions are required for patients with:
a. C-difficile-associated diseases
b. infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria
c. viral hemorrhagic fevers
d. all of the above

A

D. all of the above

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22
Q

A patient suspected of having tuberculosis has been admitted to the hospital. Which one of the following is not appropriate?
a. Droplet Precautions
b. An AIIR
c. Standard Precautions
d. Use of a type N95 respirator by health care professionals who are caring for the patient

A

A. Droplet Precautions would not be appropriate

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23
Q

An HAI is one that:
a. develops during hospitalization or erupts within 14 days of hospital discharge
b. a surgical wound infection that develops 45 days after discharge
c. is acquired in the community
d. the patient has at the time of hospital admission

A

A. develops during hospitalization or erupts within 14 days of hospital discharge

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24
Q

An example of a fomite would be:
a. a drinking glass used by patient
b. bandages from an infected wound
c. soiled bed linens
d. all of the above

A

D. all of the above

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25
Q

Which of the following Gram-positive bacteria is most likely to be the cause of an HAI?
a. C-difficile
b. S. Aureus
c. Streptococcus pneumoniae
d. S. pyogenes

A

B. S. aureus

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26
Q

Which of the following Gram-positive bacteria is least likely to be the cause of an HAI?
a. Klebsiella species
b. Salmonella species
c. E. coli
d. Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

B. Salmonella species

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27
Q

Which of the following is not part of Standard Precautions?
a. Handwashing between patient contacts
b. Placing a patient in a private room having negative air pressure
c. Properly disposing of needles, scalpels, and other sharps
d. wearing gloves, masks, eye protection, and gowns when appropriate

A

B. Placing a patient in a private room having negative air pressure (that would be AIIR)

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28
Q

Which of the following statements is not true about medical asepsis?
a. disinfection is a medical aseptic technique
b. handwashing is a medical aseptic technique
c. medical asepsis is considered a clean technique
d. the goal of medical asepsis is to exclude all the microbes from an area

A

D

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29
Q

Which of the following statements is not true about an AIIR?
a. air entering the room is passed through HEPA filters
b. the room is under negative air pressure
c. An AIIR is appropriate for patients with meningcoccal meningitis, whooping cough or influenza
d. Transmission-Based Precautions will be necessary

A

A is not true because protective precautions are not needed

30
Q

In addition to Standard Precautions, _______ must be used when managing a patient with streptococcal pneumonia

A

Droplet Precautions

31
Q

The goal of _______ is to render and keep objects and areas sterile.

A

Surgical Aseptic Technique

32
Q

In addition to Standard Precautions, _____ must be used when managing a tuberculosis patient

A

Airborne Precautions

33
Q

The goal of ______ is to reduce the number and transmission of pathogens

A

Medical aseptic technique

34
Q

In addition to Standard Precautions _____ must be used when managing a patient with a Clostridium.

A

Contact Precautions

35
Q

T or F
Most of the pathogens involved in healthcare associate infections (HAI) come from the patients themselves.

36
Q

A patient with TB should be placed in a ______

A

AIIR; airborne infection isolation room

37
Q

T or F
A leukopenic patient should be placed in a room having positive air pressure.

A

True
Protect the Patient (P for Positive)

38
Q

The greatest number and variety of indigenous microbiota of the human body live in or on the:
a. colon
b. GU tract
c. mouth
d. skin

39
Q

Neurotoxins are produced by:
a. C. botulinum and C. tetani
b. C. difficile and C. perfringens
c. P. aeruginosa and M. tuberculosis
d. S. aureus and S. pyogenes

A

A. C. botulinum and C. tetani

40
Q

Communicable diseases are most easily transmitted during the:
a. incubation period
b. period of convalescence
c. period of illness
d. prodromal period

A

C. period of illness

41
Q

Enterotoxins affect cells in the:
a. CNS
b. gastrointestinal tract
c. genitourinary tract
d. respiratory tract

A

B. Gastrointestinal tract

42
Q

Which of the following bacteria is least likely to be the cause of septic shock?
a. E. coli
b. H. influenza
c. M. pneumoniae
d. N. meningitdis

A

c. M. pneumoniae

43
Q

Which of the following produces both a cytotoxin (cyto = of cell) and an enterotoxin?
a. C. botulinum
b. C. difficile
c. C. tetani
d. C. diphtheriae

A

B. C. difficile

44
Q

Which of the following can cause toxic shock syndrome?
a. C. difficile and C. perfringens
b. M. pneumoniae and M. tuberculosis
c. N. gonorrhoeae and E. coli
d. S. aureus and S. pyogenes

A

D. S. aureus and S. pyogenes
(as well as Strep)

45
Q

A CSF specimen is what kind of lab?

46
Q

T or F
Viruses can have both DNA and RNA

A

False
viruses either have DNA or RNA, never both

47
Q

What are DNA’s base pairs?

48
Q

What is the functional unit of life?

49
Q

T or F
Avirulet= no ability to cause disease
Virulet=extremely infectious

50
Q

T or F
Gram-negative bacteria are more likely to cause toxic shock syndrome

51
Q

T or F
An autoclave uses both heat and pressure

52
Q

What is the cell membrane made of?

A

lipids (phospholipids)

53
Q

What are cell walls made of?

A

peptidoglycan

54
Q

T or F
Chlamydia is a Nationally Notifiable Infection

55
Q

What is a common cause of urethritis?

56
Q

Cell mediated immunity is cell based

57
Q

An antibody is not a cell and cannot give cell-based immunity

58
Q

In a hypertonic solution a cell will ______?

A

Shrink
(It has a high solute/Salt content; water follows salt.)

59
Q

In a hypotonic solution the cell will _____? (there’s more salt in the cell; water follows salt)

A

Swell
(There is more salt with in the cell; water follows salt)

60
Q

Ebstein-Barr and HPV are types of oncogenic viruses
(cancer causing)

61
Q

Mycoplasma doesn’t have a cell wall so it is _____

A

pleomorphic

62
Q

Microbial Antagonism vs. Microbial Synergism

63
Q

Opportunistic Microbe
(ex. Staph and E.coli)

64
Q

Plastid

65
Q

Plasmid

66
Q

4 ways to get new genetic information

67
Q

Artificial Passive Immunity

68
Q

What is limiting factor

69
Q

Identify the different types of Tinea

70
Q

What are the cardinal symptoms of inflammation

Microbiology (3 decks)

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