Microbiology Final Flashcards
Which of the following individuals is considered to be the “Father of Microbiology”?
a. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
b. Louis Pasteur
c. Robert Koch
d. Rudolf Virchow
A. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
The microbes that usually live on or in a person are collectively referred to as
a. germs
b. indigenous microbiota
c. nonpathogens
d. opportunistic pathogens
B. Indigenous microbiota
Microbes that live on dead and decaying organic material are known as
a. indigenous microbiota
b. parasites
c. pathogens
d. saprophytes
D. Saprophytes
The study of fungi is called
a. algaeology
b. botany
c. mycology
d. phycology
C. Mycology
The field of parasitology involves the study of which of the following types of organisms?
a. arthropods, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses
b. arthropods, helminths, and certain protozoa
c. bacteria, fungi, and protozoa
d. bacteria, fungi, and viruses
B. Arthropods, helminths, and certain protozoa
Rudolf Virchow is given credit for proposing which of the following theories?
a. abiogenesis
b. biogenesis
c. germ theory of disease
d. spontaneous generation
B. biogenesis
Which of the following microbes are considered obligate intracellular pathogens?
a. chlamydias, rickettsias, M. leprae, and T. pallidum
b. M. leprae and T. pallidum
c. M. tuberculosis and viruses
d. rickettsias, chlamydias, and viruses
D. rickettsias, chlamydias, and viruses
Which of the following statements is true?
a. Koch developed a rabies vaccine
b. Microbes are ubiquitous
c. Most microbes are harmful to humans
d. Pasteur conducted experiments that proved the theory of abiogensis
B. Microbes are ubiquitous
Which of the following are even smaller than viruses?
a. chlamydias
b. prions and viroids
c. rickettsias
d. cyanobacteria
B. prions and viroids
Which of the following individuals introduced the terms “aerobes” and “anaerobes”?
a. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
b. Louis Pasteur
c. Robert Koch
d. Rudolf Virchow
B. Louis Pasteur
_______ developed vaccines for anthrax and rabies
Louis Pasteur
Proposed the theory of biogenesis
Rudolf Virchow
Discovered the causative agent of plague
Alexandre Emile Jean Yersin
The first person to observe live bacteria and protozoa
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Developed an experimental procedure that could be used to prove that a specific microbe is the cause of a specific infectious disease
Robert Koch
Organisms that live on dead of decaying organic matter
Saprophytes
Microbes that do not cause disease
Nonpathogens
Microbes that usually do not cause disease, but can cause disease under certain circumstances
Opportunistic pathogens
The microbes that live on us and in us
Indigenous microbiota
The most common causes of infectious diseases or microbial intoxications
Pathogens
All infectious diseases are caused by pathogens
True
Pathogens greatly outnumber nonpathogens
False
Nonpathogens outnumber pathogens
Using microbes to clean up the environment is known as bioremediation
True
Microbes are essential in the field of genetic engineering
True
Microbes probably appeared on earth about 3.5 million yrs ago
False
3.5 billion years ago
Anton van Leeuwenhoek’s experiments helped to prove that microbes cause disease
False
Leeuwenhoek observed only; Pastuer and Koch made the connections that microbes cause disease
Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch made significant contributions to the “germ theory of disease”
True
Pasteurization is a process that kills all microbes present in the liquid being pasteurized
False
Pasteurization kills pathogens; it does not kill all the microbes that might be present in the liquid being pasteurized
Microbes contribute more oxygen to our atmosphere than plants do
True
Infectious diseases that are transmitted from animals to humans are known as zoonoses
True
A millimeter is equivalent to how many nanometers?
a. 1,000
b. 10,000
c. 100,000
d. 1,000,000
D 1,000,000
What is the total magnification when using the high-power (hi-dry) objective of a compound light microscope equipped with a x10 ocular lens
400x
The limiting factor of any compound light microscope is the
a. number of condenser lenses it has
b. number of magnifying lenses it has
c. number of ocular lenses it has
d. wavelength of visible light
D. wavelength of visible light
Who is given credit for developing the first compound microscope
a. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
b. Hans Jansen
c. Louis Pasteur
d. Robert Hooke
B. Hans Jansen
A compound light microscope differs from a simple microscope in that the compound light microscope contains more than one
a. condenser lens
b. magnifying lens
c. objective lens
d. ocular lens
B. Magnifying lens
The number of nanometers in a micrometer
1000
The resolving power of the compound light microscope is _________ times better than the resolving power of the unaided eye
1000
The number of micrometers in a millimeter
1000
The resolving power of the transmission electron microscope is _________ times better than the resolving power of the scanning electron microscope
100
The width of a typical coccus
1 um
The resolving power of the unaided eye
0.2 mm
The resolving power of the scanning electron microscope
20nm
The resolving power of the transmission electron microscope
0.2nm
The resolving power of the transmission electron microscope
0.2um
Anton van Leeuwenhoek is given credit for developing the first compound light microscope
False
He made simple microscopes
The wavelength of visible light limits the size of objects that can be seen with the compound light. microscope
True
The resolving power of compound light microscopes can be improved by adding additional magnifying lenses
False
it does nothing; it’s called empty magnification
The total magnification achieved when the oil immersion lens is used is x1000
True
Molecules of extrachromosomal DNA are also known as
Plasmids
A bacterium possessing a tuft of flagella at one end of its cell would be called what kind of a bacterium?
a. amphitrichous
b. lophotrichous
c. monotrichous
d. peritrichous
B. lophotrichous
One way in which an archaean would differ from a bacterium is that the archaean would possess no:
a. DNA in its chromosome
b. peptidoglycan in its cell walls
c. ribosomes in its cytoplasm
d. RNA in its ribosomes
B. peptidoglycan in its cell walls
Some bacteria stain gram positive and others stain gram negative as a result of differences in the structure of their
a. capsule
b. cell membrane
c. cell wall
d. ribosomes
C. cell wall
Of the following, which one is not found in prokaryotic cells?
a. cell membrane
b. chromosome
c. mitochondria
d. plasmids
C. mitochondria
The Three-Domain System of Classification is based on differences in which of the following molecules?
a. mRNA
b. peptidoglycan
c. rRNA
d. tRNA
C. rRNA
Which of the following is in the correct sequence?
a.Kingdom, Class, Division, Order, Family, Genus
b. Kingdom, Division, Class, Order, Family, Genus
c. Kingdom, Division, Order, Class, Family, Genus
d. Kingdom, Order, Division, Class, Family, Genus
B. Kingdom, Division, Class, Order, Family, Genus
Which one of the following is never found in prokaryotic cells?
a. flagella
b. capsule
c. cilia
d. ribosomes
C. cilia
The semipermeable structure controlling the transport of materials between the cell and its external environment is the
a. cell membrane
b. cell wall
c. cytoplasm
d. nuclear membrane
A. cell membrane
In eukaryotic cells, what are the sites of photosynthesis
a. mitochondria
b. plasmids
c. plastids
d. ribosomes
C. Plastids
Membrane-bound organelles where photosynthesis occurs
Plastids
The sites of protein synthesis in prokaryotic cells
Ribosomes
Considered a “packaging plant” where proteins are packaged into membrane-bound vesicles
Golgi complex
Membrane-bound organelles where energy is produced by the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain
Mitochondria
Found in prokaryotic cells as well as eukaryotic cells
Ribosomes
short, hairlike projections used as organelles of locomotion by some eukaryotic cells
Cilia
Found on some bacteria; they serve an antiphagocytic function
Capsules
Found on some bacteria; they enable the bacteria to adhere to surfaces
Pili
composed of a protein called flagellin
Prokaryotic flagella
Long, whiplike structures having an internal organization that is described as a “9+2” arrangement of microtubules
Eukaryotic flagella
The internal structure of eukaryotic cilia is the same as the internal structure of eukaryotic flagella
True
Bacteria never have cilia and eukaryotic cells never have pili
True
Tyndallization is a process that kills spores as well as vegetative cells
True
Prokaryotic cells do not contain endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, mitochondria, plastids, or membrane-bound vesicles
True
In eukaryotic cells, ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules are manufactured in the nucleolus
True
Which one of the following steps occurs during the multiplication of animal viruses, but not during the multiplication of bacteriophages
a. assembly
b. biosynthesis
c. penetration
d. uncoating
D. uncoating
Which one of the following diseases or groups of diseases is not caused by prions?
a. certain plant diseases
b. chronic wasting disease of deer and elk
c. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease of humans
d. mad cow disease
A. certain plant diseases
Most prokaryotic cells reproduce by
a. binary fission
b. budding
c. gamete production
d. spore formation
A. binary fission
The group of bacteria that lack rigid cell walls and take on irregular shape is
a. chlamydias
b. mycobacteria
c. mycoplasmas
d. rickettsias
C. mycoplasmas
At the end of the Gram staining procedure, Gram-positive bacteria will be
a. blue to purple
b. green
c. orange
d. pink to red
a. blue to purple
Which one of the following statements about rickettsias is false
a. diseases caused by rickettsias are arthropod borne
b. rickets is caused by a rickettsia species
c. rickettsia species cause typhus and typhus-like diseases
d. rickettsias have leaky membranes
B. Rickets is caused by a rickettsia species
Which one of the following statements about Chlamydia and Chlamydophila spp. is false
a. they are obligate intracellular pathogens
b. they are considered to be ‘energy parasites’
c. the disease they cause are all arthropod borne
d. they are considered to be gram-negative bacteria
D. the diseases they cause are all arthropod borne
Which one of the following statements about cyanobacteria is false
a. Although cyanobacteria are photosynthetic, they do not produce oxygen as a result of photosynthesis
b. at one time, cyanobacteria were called blue-green algae
c. some cyanobacteria are capable of nitrogen fixation
d. some cyanobacteria are important medically because they produce toxins
A. although cyanobacteria are photosynthetic, they do not produce oxygen as a result of photosynthesis
Which one of the following statements about archaea is false
a. Archaea are more closely related to eukaryotes than they are to bacteria
b. both archaea and bacteria are prokaryotic organisms
c. some archaea live in extremely hot evironments
d. the cell walls of archaea contain a thicker layer of peptidoglycan than the cell walls of bacteria
D. the cell walls of archaea contain a thicker layer of peptidoglycan than the cell walls of bacteria
An organism that does not require oxygen, grows better in the absence of oxygen, but can survive in atmospheres containing some molecular oxygen is known as an
a. aerotolerant anaerobe
b. capnophile
c. facultative anaerobe
d. microaerophile
A. aerotolerant anerobe
Spherical bacteria arranged in pairs are. called
Diplococci
Rod-shaped bacteria arranged in chains are called
Streptobacilli
Spherical bacteria arranged in clusters are called
Staphylococci
Rod-shaped bacteria arranged in pairs are called
Diplobacilli
Spherical bacteria arranged in chains are called
Streptococci
The bacteria that cause syphilis and Lyme disease are
Spirochetes
_______ are obligate intracellular pathogens that cause diseases such as trachoma, inclusion conjunctivitis and urethritis
Chlamydias
________ are photosynthetic
Cyanobacteria
___________ have no cell walls
Mycoplasmas
_________ are obligate intracellular pathogens that cause diseases such as typhus and Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Rickettsias
All diseases caused by Rickettsia spp. are arthropod-borne
True
Rickettsia spp. and Chlamydia spp. cannot be grown on artificial media
True
HIV is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus
True
Organisms in the genus Vibrio are curved bacilli
True
Which of the following statements are true about algae and fungi
a. algae are photosynthetic, whereas fungi are not
b. algal cell walls contain cellulose, whereas fungal cell walls do not
c. fungal cell walls contain chitin, whereas algal cell walls do not
d. all of the about
D. all of the above
All of the following are algae except
a. desmids
b. diatoms
c. dinoflagellates
d. sporozoa
D. sporozoa
All of the following are fungi except
a. moulds
b. amebas
c. microsporidia
d. yeasts
B. amebas
A protozoan may possess any of the following except
a. cilia
b. flagella
c. hyphae
d. pseudopodia
C. hyphae
Which of the following terms is not associated with fungi
a. conidia
b. hyphae
c. mycelium
d. pellicle
D. pellicle
All of the following terms can be used to describe hyphae except
a. aerial and reproductive
b. septate and aseptate
c. sexual and asexual
d. vegetative
C. sexual and asexual
A lichen usually represents a symbiotic relationship between
a. a fungus and an ameba
b. a yeast and an ameba
c. an alga and a cyanobacteria
d. an alga and a fungus
D. an alga and a fungus
A stigma is a
a. light-sensing organelle
b. primitive mouth
c. thickened membrane
d. type of plastid
A. light-sensing organelle
If a dimorphic fungus is causing a respiratory infection, which of the following might be seen in a sputum specimen from that patient
a. amebae
b. conidia
c. hyphae
d. yeasts
D. yeasts
Which one of the following is not a fungus
a. Aspergillus
b. Candida
c. Penicillium
d. Prototheca
D. Prototheca
