The Medical Abdomen - Hepatomegaly, Splenomegaly Flashcards
Hepatomegaly, Splenomegaly
What are the signs of the causes of Hepatomegaly on general inspection?
Haemachromatosis: venesection scars
Hepatomegaly, Splenomegaly
What are the abdominal signs of Hepatomegaly on examination?
Hepatomegaly, Splenomegaly
What are the other important signs to observe in a Hepatomegaly examination?
Hepatomegaly, Splenomegaly
What is needed to complete a Hepatomegaly examination?
Hepatomegaly, Splenomegaly
What are the significant negatives in a Hepatomegaly examination?
Hepatomegaly, Splenomegaly
What are the most common causes of Hepatomegaly?
- Carcinoma (secondaries)
Hepatomegaly, Splenomegaly
What are the other (less common) causes of Hepatomegaly?
Hepatomegaly, Splenomegaly
What needed to be asked to attain the cause of Hepatomegaly in a history?
Hepatomegaly, Splenomegaly
What are the bedside investigations for Hepatomegaly?
Hepatomegaly, Splenomegaly
What are the blood investigations for Hepatomegaly?
Hepatomegaly, Splenomegaly
What are the imaging investigations for Hepatomegaly?
Hepatomegaly, Splenomegaly
What does a Liver Biopsy look for in Hepatomegaly?
Hepatomegaly, Splenomegaly
What is the treatment for Hepatomegaly?
-
Anti-viral
- Indicated in chronic disease
- HBV: PEGinterferon
- HCV: PEGinterferon + ribavarin
- Seroconversion: HBV – 40%, HCV – 10%
Hepatomegaly, Splenomegaly
What are the signs of the cause of Splenomegaly on general inspection?
Hepatomegaly, Splenomegaly
What are the abdominal signs of Splenomegaly on general examination?
Hepatomegaly, Splenomegaly
What are the signs of Splenomegaly on palpation?
What are the other important signs to look out for?
Hepatomegaly, Splenomegaly
What is needed to complete a Splenomegaly examination?
Hepatomegaly, Splenomegaly
What are the significant negatives in a Splenomegaly examination?
Hepatomegaly, Splenomegaly
What are the differentials for Splenomegaly?
-
Massive splenomegaly (>8 cm):
- Myeloproliferative disorders (CML and myelofibrosis)
- Tropical infections (malaria, visceral leishmaniasis: kala-azar)
-
Moderate (4–8 cm):
- Myelo/lymphoproliferative disorders (CLL, Lymphoma)
- Infiltration (Gaucher’s and amyloidosis)
-
Tip (<4 cm):
- Myelo/lymphoproliferative disorders
- Portal hypertension
- Infections (EBV, infective endocarditis and infective hepatitis)
- Haemolytic anaemia
Hepatomegaly, Splenomegaly
What are the common common causes of a small Spleen?
Hepatomegaly, Splenomegaly
What are the less common causes of a small Spleen?
Hepatomegaly, Splenomegaly
What is there difference between the treatment of Hepatosplenomegaly and Splenomegaly?
Hepatomegaly, Splenomegaly
What needed to be asked to attain the cause of Splenomegaly in a history?
Hepatomegaly, Splenomegaly
What are the blood investigations for (Haematological) Splenomegaly?
Other Bloods:
- DAT
- U+E and urate: ↑ malignancy → uropathy
Hepatomegaly, Splenomegaly
What are seen on blood films in (Haematological) Splenomegaly?
Hepatomegaly, Splenomegaly
What are the imaging investigations for (Haematological) Splenomegaly?
Hepatomegaly, Splenomegaly
What are the histology investigations in (Haematological) Splenomegaly?
Hepatomegaly, Splenomegaly
What is the genetic analysis in (Haematological) Splenomegaly?
Hepatomegaly, Splenomegaly
What are the bedside investigations in (Infective) Splenomegaly?
Hepatomegaly, Splenomegaly
What are the blood investigations for (Infective) Splenomegaly?
Hepatomegaly, Splenomegaly
What are seen on blood films in (Infective) Splenomegaly?
Hepatomegaly, Splenomegaly
What are the imaging investigations for (Infective) Splenomegaly?
Hepatomegaly, Splenomegaly
What are the Liver related blood and imaging investigations in Splenomegaly?
