The mammilian brain

Question 1

What surrounds the brain

Answer 1

• meninges (membranes) surround the brain and isolates it from blood

Question 2

What would happen if ablood vessel in the brain was damaged

Answer 2

stroke

Question 3

What does a PET scan do?

Answer 3

• shows glucose usage and tells us which parts of brain is working
• Na/K pumps and synaptic transmittion uses ATP made from glucose

Question 4

How does the brain develop during embryonic development

Answer 4

One end of the neural tube swells

Question 5

What are the main sections of the brain

Answer 5

hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain

Question 6

gyri

Answer 6

bumps of brain surface

Question 7

sulci

Answer 7

crevices on brain surface

Question 8

Wrinkly brain means what

Answer 8

more wrinkles = more grey matter = more unmyelinated neuron parts (connections) = more intelligence

Question 9

white matter

Answer 9

axons in the brain (myelinated)

Question 10

grey matter

Answer 10

synapses outside the brain (unmyelinated)

Question 11

Brain stem general

Answer 11

The “reptilian part” of the brain the controls basic life functions.
It is the master switch and turns other parts of the brain on and off.
First and last area to show activity in life

Question 12

Structure and parts of brain stem

Answer 12

• thickening/larger area where spinal cord meets brain
• smallest part
• hindbrain n midbrain

Question 13

hindbrain

Answer 13

medulla oblongata and pons control autonomic NS (HR, BP, digestion, swallowing, vomitting, respiration)

Question 14

midbrain

Answer 14

• connections between hindbrain and forebrain - it controls direction in which signals fire
• auditory and visual reflexes

Question 15

What is reticular system?

Answer 15

Reticular activating system (RAS) regulates…
- sleep and awake
- sensory filtering (so you’re not overstiumlated)

Question 16

EEG

Answer 16

Test that measures electrival activity in brain caused by sleep/awake

Question 17

REM

Answer 17

• rapid eye movement sleep
• most dreams here
• more REM sleep = more working memory conversion to long term memory

Question 18

alpha waves

Answer 18

awake and intense mental activity

Question 19

beta waves

Answer 19

awake but quiet

Question 20

delta waves

Answer 20

asleep

Question 21

Cerebellum

Answer 21

• hindbrain but not brain stem
• regulates fine motor coordination, balance, body movement, posture
  NOTE: large in birds since lots of balance for flying. Each feather can be changed, a lot of muscle coordination

Question 22

Forebrain

Answer 22

most developped place divided into two sections…
- diencephalon
- cerebrum

Question 23

Where is diencephalon found and whats in it

Answer 23

• part of forebrain
• thalamus + hypothalamus

Question 24

diencephalon function

Answer 24

• directs sensory info from body to rest of brain (except smell)

Question 25

where is the limbic system and whats found in it?

Answer 25

• part of the forebrain
• hippocampus and amygdala found here
• thalamus and hypothalamus also part of this system

Question 26

What does the limbic system do?

Answer 26

• generates emotions and memories
• hippo moves short term to long term memory
• amygdala causes survival emotions like fear and anger (turns off hippo)

Question 27

Where is the Cerebrum and whats found in it? structure

Answer 27

• part of the forebrain
• corpus callosum and cerebral cortex here
• lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital
• largest part and is divided into left and right

Question 28

corpus callosum

Answer 28

• in forbrain in cerebrum
• connects L and R hemisphere in thick axon bundle

Question 29

Cerebral cortex

Answer 29

think layer of gray matter surrounding cerebrum that are 1-4 mm thick

Question 30

Lobes of cerebrum

Answer 30

occipital: vision (back)
temporal: hearing and smell (sides)
frontal: speech, emotions, motor control (front)
paretial: speech, taste, reading (top)

Question 31

draw and label the brain diagram