The major organs & their hormones cont.

Question 1

What are the four tiny glands attached to the thyroid that function together?

Answer 1

parathyroid glands

Question 2

Parathyroid - which hormone stimulates the removal of calcium from the bones if blood calcium levels fall to low?

Answer 2

parathyroid hormone (PTH) aka parathormone.

Question 3

Parathyroid - which two hormones work together to regulate the level of calcium in the blood?

Answer 3

parathyroid hormone (PTH) & calcitonin (from thyroid)

Question 4

What are the two triangular glands that sit on top of each kidney?

Answer 4

Adrenal Glands or suprarenal glands.

Question 5

The adrenal glands have two parts which are?

Answer 5

Adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla. each of which produces a set of hormones and has a different function.

Question 6

Adrenal cortex - The outer part produces over 2 dozen hormones called?

Answer 6

corticosteroids

Question 7

Adrenal Cortex - steroids are composed of?

Answer 7

cholesterol and are fat soluble.

Question 8

Adrenal cortex - the superficial layer produces mineralocorticoids which help control the balance of minerals & water in the blood. Which is the main mineralocorticoid?

Answer 8

aldosterone. it regulates salt balance in the body.

Question 9

Adrenal cortex - the middle layer produces glucocorticoids. Which main glucocorticoid helps the body respond to stress by increasing available nutrients for energy and tissue repair.

Answer 9

cortisol.

Question 10

Adrenal cortex - the innermost layer produces?

Answer 10

gonadocorticoids or adrenal sex hormones.

Question 11

Adrenal cortex - innermost layer produces androgens and the main androgen in males is?

Answer 11

testosterone and is responsible for secondary male characteristics.

Question 12

Adrenal cortex - innermost layer produces which hormone mainly by females?

Answer 12

oestrogen.

Question 13

Adrenal medulla - produces catecholamines called? (2)

Answer 13

adrenaline and noradrenaline.

Question 14

Adrenal medulla - the catecholamines called adrenaline and noradrenaline are stored in ….. cells?

Answer 14

Chromaffin cells. They are activated by some short term stressors in what is known as the “fight or flight” response.

Question 15

….. are the main source of sex hormones?

Answer 15

gonads.

Question 16

Male gonads (testes) secrete hormones called?

Answer 16

androgens. the most important of which is testosterone.

Question 17

Female gonads (ovaries) they produce eggs andd secrete the female hormone? (2)

Answer 17

oestrogen and progesterone.

Question 18

Which organ is located near & partially behind the stomach?

Answer 18

pancreas

Question 19

Pancreas - which cells secrete digestive enzymes into the gastrointestinal tract?

Answer 19

exocrine cells. comprise more than 98% of the pancreas.

Question 20

Pancreas - endocrine tissue - islets of langerhans or islet cells produce which hormone?

Answer 20

glucagon.

Question 21

Pancreas - which hormone is released when the person is in a fasting state?

Answer 21

glucagon. in alpha cells

Question 22

Pancreas - which hormone is released in the postprandial (after meals) or nourished state when blood glucose levels have risen?

Answer 22

insulin - in beta cells.

Question 23

Pancreas - which two hormones work together to maintain a steady level of glucose, or sugar in the blood & to keep the body supplied with fuel to produce & maintain stores of energy?

Answer 23

insulin and glucagon.

Question 24

What is the tiny cone shaped gland located in the middle of the brain?

Answer 24

pineal gland aka pineal body.

Question 25

Pineal gland - secretes which hormone that may help regulate the wake-sleep cycle?

Answer 25

melatonin.

Question 26

Which organ is located in the mediastinum?

Answer 26

thymus. it is the primary central gland of the lymphatic system.

Question 27

Thymus - secretes which hormone which is critical to the maturation & development of the immune system?

Answer 27

thymosin.