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OS Final Exam > The Lymphatic System > Flashcards

The Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

Lymphatic Development

Mesoderm produces?

Endoderm produces?

A

Mesoderm: Lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen & myeloid tissue

Endoderm: Thymus and parts of the tonsils

*Take home message: We have lymphatics early on (5th week)

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2
Q

Physiologic functions of Lymphatic system?

A
  • Immue
  • Digestive
  • Fluid Balance
  • Waste
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3
Q

Spleen

Location

Characteristics

Functions

A

Location: Under ribs 9-11 on left

Characteristics: Largest single mass of lymphoid tissue, pressure sensitive

Functions: Destroy damaged/deformed RBCs, synthesize Ig’s, Clear bacteria

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4
Q

Anatomically, what drives splenic fluid movement?

A

Movement of the diaphragm

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5
Q

Liver

Location

Characteristics

Functions

A

Location: RUQ

Characteristics: Pressure sensitive

Functions: 1/2 of body’s lymph formed in liver, clears bacteria, “gate-keeper” of shared hepatobiliary-pancreatic venous and lymphatic drainage

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6
Q

Thymus

Location

Characteristics

Functions

A

Location: Anterior mediastinum

Characteristics: Large during infancy, and size peaks at 2 y/o. After puberty, replaced by fatty tissue.

Functions: Maturation site for T cells, little/no function in adults.

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7
Q

Tonsils

Location

Characteristics

Functions

A

Location: 3 types, all in posterior oropharynx

Characteristics: Most are visible until 6-9m/o, remain enlarged throughout childhood

Functions: Provide cells to influence and build immunity early in life, nonessential to adult immune function

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8
Q

Appendix

Location

Characteristics

Functions

A

Location: Proximal end of the cecum

Characteristics: contains lymphoid pulp

Functions: part of the gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)

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9
Q

Visceral Lymphoid Tissue

What is GALT?

A

GALT =

Gastrointenstinal Associated Lymphoid Tissue

Includes:

Peyer’s patches, Lacteals

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10
Q

What tissues DO NOT have lymphatic vessels (however use direct diffusion)?

A
  • Epidermis
  • Endomysium (inner lining of muscle cells)
  • Cartilage
  • Bone marrow
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11
Q

What is the order of lymphatic drainage starting from lymphatic capillaries?

A

Lymphatic capillaries –>

Collecting lymphatics –>

Afferent lymphatic vessels –>

Efferent lymphatic vessels –>

Thoracic duct/R lymphatic duct –>

Venous system

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12
Q

How is extracellular fluid sucked into lymphatic vessels?

A

Low level negative pressure

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13
Q

The lymphatic collectors consist primarily of chains of muscular units called _____________, which contain _________

These are aka?

A

Lymphangions

two-leaflet bicuspid valves

“lymphatic hearts”

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14
Q

Lymph nodes

Location

Characteristics

Functions

A

Location: ALL OVER

Characteristics: Superficial and deep types

Functions: filtration of lymph fluid, matruation of lymphocytes, phagocytosis of bacteria and cellular debris

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15
Q

Describe the path of lymph flow through a lymph node

A
  1. Afferent lymphatics
  2. Subcapsular space
  3. Outer cortex
  4. Deep cortex
  5. Medullary sinus
  6. Efferent lymphatics
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16
Q

What lymph node is this?

A

Virchow’s node

17
Q

What lymph node is associated here?

A

Epitrochlear Nodes

*Associated with secondary syphilis

18
Q

Mechanisms of Flow: Direct Diaphragmatic Pressure

What are the two diaphragms involved?

A

Thoracic Diaphragm

Pelvic Diaphragm (4 muscles)

19
Q

What are the effects of sympathetic nervous system on lymph valves?

A

Increased sympathetic tone –>

Tigher valves –>

DECREASED LYMPH FLOW INTO THE VENOUS SYSTEM

20
Q

What happens with a poorly functioning lymphatic system?

21
Q

What are the effects of edema?

A
  • Compression of local structures (decreased delivery of O2, nutrients, meds, hormones, decreased neuronal sensation)
  • Decreased tissue waste removal

-Decreased pathogen clearance and immunity

22
Q

What are the indications for lymphatic OMT?

A
  1. Edema, tissue congestion or lymphatic stasis
  2. Infection
  3. Inflammation

*Chronic conditions should be approached with caution. Gentler techniques, shorter, but more frequent treatment sessions preferred

23
Q

What are absolute contraindications for lymphatic omt?

A

Anuria

Necrotizing fasciitis

Pt. unable to tolerate treatment

Pt. refuses treatment, lol

24
Q

Principles of Diagnosis from a Lymphatics approach

Describe the general 5 steps

A
  1. Evaluate risk-benefit ratio
  2. Evaluate fascial patterns of ZINK
  3. Evaluate diaphragms/fascia
  4. Evaluate for somatic dysfunction
  5. Evaluate tissue congestion
25
Q

What is the COMMON ZINK compensatory pattern?

A

L/R/L/R

80% of healthy people

26
Q

What is the UNCOMMON ZINK compensatory pattern?

A

R/L/R/L

20% of healthy people

27
Q

Un-compensated zink patterns usually arise from…

A

Trauma

*Usually symptomatic

OS Final Exam (5 decks)

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