Lumbar, Thoracic, Ribs, Vertebra Mechanics (Lecture)

Question 1

Describe the curvatures of the

Cervical

Thoracic

Lumbar

Sacrum

Answer 1

Question 2

Whta vertebra is this?

Answer 2

Thoracic

Question 3

What vertebra is this?

Answer 3

Lumbar vertebra

Question 4

What are the spinous processes used for?

Answer 4

Attachment points for ligaments and muscles of the spine

Question 5

Explain the rule of 3’s

Answer 5

Question 6

Mneumonic for remembering superior facet orientation?

Answer 6

BUM- BUL- BM

Cervical: Backward, upward, medial

Thoracic: Backward, upward, lateral

Lumbar: Backward, medial

Question 7

Label the spine

Answer 7

Question 8

Function of:

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Answer 8

Limits extension

Question 9

Function of:

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

Answer 9

Resists hyperflexion

Prevents posterior herniation of nucleus pulposus

Question 10

Function of:

Ligamentum Flava?

Answer 10

Connect the laminae of adjacent vertebra

Question 11

What are these muscles?

Answer 11

1 = Rotatores breves

2 = Rotatores longi

Question 12

Function of roatores ms?

Answer 12

Bilaterally: Extends thoracic spine

Unilateral: Rotates thoracic spine to opposite direction

Question 13

Label this m.

Answer 13

Multifidus m.

Question 14

Function of multifidus m.?

Answer 14

Bilateral: extends spine

Unilateral: flexes spine to same side, rotates it to opposite side

Question 15

Label the ms

Answer 15

4 = Semispinalis capitis

5 = Semispinalis cervicis

6 = Semispinalis thoracis

Question 16

Function of semispinalis ms?

Answer 16

Bilateral: Extends thoracic and cervical spines and head

Unilateral: Bends head, cervical and thoracic spines to same side, rotates to opposite side

Question 17

Define:

Coupled motion

Answer 17

Association of a motion along or about one axis that in turn induces motion about or along a 2nd axis

*The principle motion cannot be produced without the associated motion occuring as well

Question 18

Define:

Linkage

Answer 18

Relationship of joint mechanics with surrounding structures

*By linking multiple structures together —-> increased ROM

Question 19

Barriers

What is the physiologic barrier?

Answer 19

Limit of active motion

Question 20

Barriers

What is the anatomic barrier?

Answer 20

Limit of motion imposed by anatomic structure

Limit of passive motion

Question 21

Barriers

What is the elastic barrier?

Answer 21

Range between the physiologic and anatomic barrier of motion in which passive ligamentous stretching occurs before tissue disruption

Question 22

Barriers

What is the restrictive barrier?

Answer 22

Functional limit within the anatomic range of motion

Abnormally diminishes the normal physiologic range

Question 23

How are physiologic, anatomic and elastic barriers applied to vertebral movements?

Answer 23

Question 24

Why does spinal somatic dysfunction matter?

Answer 24

• Reduce efficiency
• Impair flow of fluids
• Alter nerve function
• Create structural imbalance

Question 25

Fryette Mechanics: What is the major mneumonic associated with **type one mechanics?**

Answer 25

TONGO T: Type O: One N: Neutral G: Group O: Opposite

Question 26

Freyette Mechanics: What is the mneumonic for **type two mechanics?**

Answer 26

T | Type 2 O | (non neutral) S | single segment S | same direction

Question 27

What is **fryette's 3rd** principle?

Answer 27

Initiating movement of a vertebral segment in any plane of motion will modify the movement of that segment in other planes of motion \*If motion is _restricted_ = motion will also be restricted in other directions \*If motion is _improved_ = in one direction, motion will imrpove in other directions

Question 28

Summarize **Fryette's** Principles 1 2 3

Answer 28

Question 29

Axis and Planes of motion Which plane AND axis is responsible for the following motions? - Rotation - Sidebending - Flexion/Extension

Answer 29

Question 30

Spinal landmarks: *State the vertebral region at these landmarks* Spine of the scapula Inferior angle of the scapula Iliac crest

Answer 30

Spine of the scapula = T3 Inferior angle of the scapula = T7 / T8 Iliac crest = L4

Question 31

How do we name **scoliosis?**

Answer 31

Name toward the convexity!!! Levo= left Dextro = right

Question 32

What is that special angle related to the severity of **scoliosis?**

Answer 32

Cobb angle

Question 33

Cobb angle complications What occurs with a cobb angle greater than... \>50 \>75

Answer 33

Respiratory compromise \>50 Cardiac compromise \>75

Question 34

What is the straight leg test?

Answer 34

Question 35

Impingement of **L5** would cause:

Answer 35

Pt. cannot walk on heels Cannot **dorsiflex**

Question 36

Impingement of **S1** would cause:

Answer 36

Inability to walk on **toes** Inability to **plantarflex**

Question 37

What is **spinal stenosis?**

Answer 37

Question 38

What is **cauda equina syndrome**

Answer 38

Question 39

What are the three types of **spina bifida** in a progressively severe order?

Answer 39

Question 40

What is **sacralization?**

Answer 40

One or both TP's of L5 are long and articulate with the sacrum

Question 41

What is **lumbarization?**

Answer 41

Failure of S1 to fuse with the rest of the sacrum (rare)

Question 42

What is **spondylosis?**

Answer 42

Bony spurs

Question 43

What is **spondylolysis?** What is the major X-ray hallmark of this?

Answer 43

"Scotty dog fracture"

Question 44

What is **spondylolesthesis?**

Answer 44

Slipping of one vertebra on another