The Lungs Flashcards
The anatomy
Where are the lungs located?
thorax and mediastinum
What is the pleural cavity formed by
The visceral and parietal pleura
Where does the Apex situated?
Blunt superior end projecting upwards, above 1st rib.
Which lung has obliqiue fissure and horizontal fissure
Right
Which lung is broader but shorter
Right lung because of the liver
What are the pleurae, and what role do they play in respiration?
The pleurae are serous membranes that line the lungs and thoracic cavity, permitting efficient and effortless respiration.
How does diaphragm contribute to the process of respiration?
Inspiration: it contracts and flattens, increasing the vertical diameter of the thoraic avity, leading to the lung expansion.
What is the significance of the cardiac notch in the left lung?
It is an indention that accommodates the heart,
Role of bronchial circulation
Supplies oxygenated blood to the airways of the lungs through bronchial arteries.
Role of pulmonary circulations?
Carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs for oxygenation and returns the oxygenated blood to the heart to supply the rest of the body.
How are the lungs innervated, and what effects do the autonomic nervous system have on them?
Parasympathetic input via the vagus nerve causes constriction of the smooth muscle lining the bronchi and increases glandular secretions.
function of pleural cavity
contains a thin layer of lubricating fluid that allows the lungs to move smoothly during respiration.
A 25-year-old male presents to the emergency department with sudden-onset sharp chest pain and shortness of breath after a bicycle accident. On examination, his breath sounds are absent on the right side, and his trachea is slightly deviated to the left.
Why is the right lung more commonly affected in aspiration pneumonia
The right lower lung lobe is more common site of infiltrate formation due to the larger caliber and more vertical orientation of the right mainstream bronchus.
A 45-year-old woman who recently underwent hip surgery complains of sudden shortness of breath, pleuritic chest pain, and hemoptysis. Her vitals show tachycardia and low oxygen saturation. A CT pulmonary angiogram confirms a pulmonary embolism.
Which lung lobes are most commonly affected?
Lower lobes
A 60-year-old male, a long-time smoker, presents with a persistent cough, weight loss, and hemoptysis. A CT scan shows a mass in the right lung, located near the hilum.
Which lymph nodes are most likely to be involved in metastasis?
Cervical lymph nodes
