THE LOWER LIMBS Flashcards
what is the function of the deep fascia of the leg?
to separate the legs into compartments which maximises muscle work and helps with venous return
what is the deep fascia of the thigh?
the fascia latae
laterally, what does the fascia thicken to form?
the iliotibial tract
whats the function of the iliotibial tract?
lateral stability
what is the deep fascia of the leg?
crural fascia
what are the 3 compartments of the thigh?
anterior, medial and posterior
what are the 3 compartments of the leg?
anterior, posterior and lateral
what separates the compartments of the thigh and leg``?
intermuscular septa
whats the function of the anterior compartment of the thigh?
hip flexion and knee extension
what innervates the muscles of the anterior thigh?
femoral nerve
whats the blood supply to the anterior thigh?
femoral artery
what msucles make up the anterior thigh?
quadriceps femoris
sartorius
pectineus
what muscles make up the quadriceps femoris?`
rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus intermedius
vastus medialis
whats the function of the quadriceps femoris?
knee extension
whats the function of the sartorius muscle?
hip flexion and some lateral rotation
whats the function of the pectineus muscle?
some hip flexion but mostly hip adduction
whats the function of the medial compartment of the thigh?
adduction of the hip
what innervayes the medial compartment of the thigh?
obturator nerve
what supplies the medial compartment of the thigh?
obturator artery
what muscles are in the medial compartment of the thigh?
adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor Magnus, gracilis and obturator externus
what innervates the posterior compartment of the thigh?
tibial nerve
whats the function of the posterior compartment of the thigh?
extension of the hip and flexion of knee
what supplies the posterior compartment of the thigh?
profunda femoris and perforating arteries
what muscles are in the posterior compartment of the thigh?
semitendinous
semimembranous
biceps femoris
adductor part of adductor magnus
whats the common origin for most muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh and outline the exception?
ischial tuberosity other than the short head of the biceps femoris
what muscle in the medial compartment of the thigh also has a head in the posterior compartment?
the adductor part of the adductor magnus
what innervates the adductor magnus?
The adductor part = obturator The hamstring part= tibial component of the sciatic nerve `
where do the bicep femoris heads attach and insert?
origin -
Long head- ischial tuberosity, sacrotuberous ligament
Short head- linea aspera of femur, lateral supracondylar line of femur
Insertion - (Lateral aspect of) head of fibula
whats the only muscle of the thigh that crosses both the hip and knee joint?
rectus femoris
what are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?
inguinal ligament, sartorius muscle and adductor longus
what forms the floor of the femoral triangle?
pectineus, iliopsoas, adductor longus
what forms the roof of the femoral triangle?
fascia lata
outline the contents of the femoral triangle?
from lateral to medial - femoral nerve, artery and vein (NAVY)
whats the clinical significance of the femoral triangle?
coronary angioplasty and peripheral angioplasty is often performed by entering the femoral artery here
Heavy bleeding in the leg can be stopped by applying pressure to points in the femoral triangle.
what is the adductor canal?
an aponeurotic tunnel in the middle third of the thigh that extends from the apex of the femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus.
what are the boundaries of the adductor canal?
anterior - sartorius muscle
posterior - adductor longus and adducto magnus
laterally - vastus medialis
what are the contents of the adductor canal?
the femoral artery, the femoral vein, the nerve to vastus medialis and the saphenous nerve
how does the course of the femoral artery change through the adductor canal?
it crosses from lateral to medial side of the femoral vein
what artery supplies the gluteal region?
superior and inferior arteries
what muscles are in the gluteal region?
gluteus maximus gluteus medius gluteus minimus piriformis superior and inferior gamellus quadratura femoris tensor fascia latae
whats the function of the gluteus maximus?
to extend the hip joint
what innervates the gluteus maximus?
inferior gluteal nerves
where does the gluteus maximus extend from and to?
from the pelvis to the Iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of femur
what innervates the gluteus medius and minimus?
superior gluteal nerves