THE HIP Flashcards

1
Q

what makes up the hip joint?

A

the proximal femur and the innominate bone (ilium, ischium and pubis)

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2
Q

why are hip dislocations so much less common than shoulder?

A

as the head of the femur sits snugly in the acetabulum

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3
Q

what ligaments stable the joint capsule of the hip?

A

iliofemoral ligament
pubofemoral ligament
ischiofemoral ligament

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4
Q

what is shenton’s line?

A

an imaginary curved line drawn along the inferior border of the superior pubic ramus and along the inferomedial border of the neck of femur.

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5
Q

what artery gives off the femoral artery?

A

the external iliac artery

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6
Q

when does the external iliac artery become the femoral artery?

A

as it passes under the inguinal ligament

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7
Q

what branches does the femoral artery give off?

A
superficial epigastric artery
superficial circumflex iliac artery
superficial external pudendal artery
deep external pudendal artery
profunda femoris
descending genicular artery
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8
Q

what branches does the deep femoral artery give off?

A

medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries

also the perforating branches

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9
Q

where do the medial and lateral cutaneous arteries meet?

A

at the trochanteric anastamoses

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10
Q

other than the femoral circumflex arteries, which other arteries meets them to form the trochanteric anastamoses?

A

the superior gluteal artery

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11
Q

what does the trochanteric ring give off?

A

retinacular arteries which run up the neck of the femur

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12
Q

after exiting the femoral triangle, describe the course of the femoral artery?

A

it continues down the anterior aspect of the thigh, through the adductor canal to supply anterior thigh muscles. it then moves through the adductor hiatus and enters the posterior compartment of the thigh, proximal the knee where it will become the popliteal artery

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13
Q

describe the course of the popliteal artery?

A

it descends down the posterior thigh giving rise to genicular branches to supply the knee joint
at the lower border of the popliteus it terminantes by dividing into anterior tibial artery and tibioperoneal trunk

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14
Q

what does the tibioperineal trunk bifurcate into?

A

the posterior tibia and fibular arteries

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15
Q

outline the course of the posterior tibial artery?

A

it continues along the surface of the deep posterior leg muscles and enters the sole of the foot via the tarsal tunnel. and then splits into lateral and medial plantar arteries which supply the plantar side of the foot

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16
Q

outline the course of the fibular artery?

A

it descends posteriorly to the fibula within the posterior compartment of the leg, giving rise to perforating branches which penetrate the intermuscular septum to supply lateral leg muscles

17
Q

describe the course of the anterior tibial artery?

A

it passes anteriorly between the tibia and fibula through a gap in the interosseous membrane
it runs down to the foot where it becomes the dorsalis pedis artery

18
Q

describe the course of the dorsalis pedis artery?

A

it passes over the dorsal aspect of the tarsal bones and then moves inferiorly towards the sole of the foot where it anastamoses with the lateral plantar artery tio form the deep plantar arch

19
Q

what does the deep plantar arch supply?

A

toes

20
Q

if you have a nof fracture, why do you see a shortened, externally rotated limb in presentation?

A

as as the neck is crunched up and the flexor muscles shunt the femur seperorly
the psoas major muscles moves the shaft of the femur around the neck of the femur anteriorly too

21
Q

what msucles are involved in flexion?

A

iliopsoas
sartorius
rectus femoris
pectineus

22
Q

what muscles are involved in adduction of the hip?

A

adductor longus, brevis and magnus
pectineus
gracilis

23
Q

what muscles are involved in extension?

A

gluteus maximus and hamstrings

24
Q

what muscles are involved in abduction?

A

gluteus medius and minimus

tensor fascia latae