The Lower Cranial Nerves Flashcards
What are the muscles innervated by the facial nerve?
Muscles of facial expression
- Buccinator
- Posterior belly of digastric muscle
- Platysma
- Anterior scalp
Stylohyoid muscle
Stapedius
What is the muscle innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve?
Stylopharyngeus muscle
What muscle is innervated by the vagus nerve?
Muscles of soft palate excluding tensor palatini Pharyngeal constrictors - Superior - Middle - Inferior Cricothyroid Endolaryngeal muscles
What is the muscle innervated by the spinal accessory nerve?
Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius
What is the muscle innervated by the hypoglossal nerve?
Intrinsic tongue muscles Extrinsic tongue muscles - Genioglossus - Hyoglossus - Styloglossus
Geniohyoid
Thyrohyoid (strap muscle)
Other strap muscles through ansa cervicalis
Where is the glossopharyngeal nuclei located?
The glossopharyngeal nuclei are located in the upper ad middle medulla
Motor fibers of the glossopharyngeal nerve originate where?
Nucleus ambiguus
Sensory fiber of the glossopharyngeal terminates where?
Tractus solitarius
What are the branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve?
Tympanic branch (Jacobsen's nerve) Stylopharyngeus branch Sinus nerve Pharyngeal branch Lingual branch
What are the branches of the vagus nerve (relevant to head and neck imaging)?
Proximal vagus branches
- Pharyngeal plexus
- Superior laryngeal nerve
- Internal laryngeal nerve
- External laryngeal nerve
Distal vagal branches
- Recurrent laryngeal nerve
What is the skull base passage of the facial nerve?
Internal auditory canal (anterior-superior portion)
Stylomastoid foramen
What are the skull base passage of the vestibulocochlear nerve?
Internal auditory canal
Superior vestibular branch: Posterior-superior portion
Inferior vestibular branch: Posterior-inferior portion
Cochlear branch: Anterior-inferior portion (modiolus)
What is the skull base passage of the glossopharyngeal nerve?
Jugular foramen (pars nervosa)
What is the skull passage of the vagus nerve?
Jugular foramen (pars vascularis)
What is the skull base passage of the spinal accessory nerve?
Jugular foramen (pars vascularis)
