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World History II exam 1 > The “Long” 19th Century World > Flashcards

The “Long” 19th Century World Flashcards

1
Q

Chronology (the “long” 19th century world)

A

1789-1799 The French Revolution - three phases: moderate, radical, conservative
1815 Napoleon defeated at Waterloo & the Congress of Vienna ends

1833 Slavery abolished throughout most of the British Empire
1845-1851 Irish potato famine (c. 1.5 million died - c. 2 million emigrated)

1848 Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels issue a Communist Manifesto
1853 Commodore Matthew Perry sails into Tokyo Bay (1st visit)
1854 Charles Spurgeon pastor of New Park Street Chapel (later Met. Tab.)
1859 Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species

1871 Unification completed in both Germany & Italy
1880-1914 Age of Western Imperialism (its great rise)

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2
Q

The French Revolution -three phases: moderate, radical, conservative (chronology)

A

1789-1799

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3
Q

Napoleon defeated at Waterloo & the Congress of Vienna ends (chronology)

A

1815

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4
Q

Slavery abolished throughout most of the British Empire (chronology)

A

1833

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5
Q

Irish potato famine (c. 1.5 million died - c. 2 million emigrated) (chronology)

A

1845-1851

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6
Q

Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels issue “Communist Manifesto” (chronology)

A

1848

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7
Q

Commodore Matthew Perry sails into Tokyo Bay (1st visit) (chronology)

A

1853

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8
Q

Charles Spurgeon pastor of New Park Street Chapel (later Met. Tab.) (chronology)

A

1854

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9
Q

Charles Darwin publishes “On the Origin of Species” (chronology)

A

1859

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10
Q

Unification completed in both Germany & Italy (chronology)

A

1871

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11
Q

Age of Western Imperialism (its great rise) (chronology)

A

1880-1914

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12
Q

Phases of the French Revolution

A

Three phases: moderate, radical, conservative

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13
Q

Where was Napoleon defeated

A

At Waterloo

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14
Q

Who issue the “Communist Manifesto”

A

Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels

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15
Q

Who sails into Tokyo Bay

A

Commodore Matthew Perry

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16
Q

Charles Spurgeon is pastor of…

A

New Park Street Chapel

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17
Q

Who publishes “On the Origin of Species”

A

Charles Darwin

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18
Q

Albert Einstein

A

Mathematician & physicist

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19
Q

Congress of Vienna

A

International peace conference

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20
Q

Nationalism (3 things to know)

A
  • A conscious bond (marked by shared glories/sufferings)
  • The nation gives meaning to the individual’s life & actions
  • Nationalism became a dominant force in 19th century European life
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21
Q

A conscious bond marked by shared glories/sufferings

A

Nationalism

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22
Q

What does the nation do in nationalism

A

The nation gives meaning to the individual’s life & actions

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23
Q

What happened with Nationalism

A

Nationalism became a dominant force in 19th century European life

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24
Q

FR revolutionary slogan (FRENCH REVOLUTION)

A

Liberty, equality, and fraternity

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25
Q

Meeting of the Estates General (FRENCH REVOLUTION)

A

Louis forced to call the Estates General

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26
Q

Tennis Court Oath (FRENCH REVOLUTION)

A

3rd estate took an oath not to disband until FR had a new constitution

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27
Q

Riots in Paris (FRENCH REVOLUTION)

A

A Paris mob stormed the Bastille (prison)

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28
Q

October Days (FRENCH REVOLUTION)

A

The “fish women” walk to Versailles

Monarchy taken to Paris

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29
Q

What do they do to King Louis (FRENCH REVOLUTION)

A

King Louis guillotined

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30
Q

Sans- culottes (FRENCH REVOLUTION)

A

Wore pants

Wanted equality with the upper bourgeoisie

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31
Q

CPS (FRENCH REVOLUTION)

A

Committee of Public Safety (CPS)

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32
Q

What happened in the National Convention (FRENCH REVOLUTION)

A

There were factions in the National Convention (Jacobins vs. Girondins)

Armed sans-culottes surrounded the National Convention (FR govt.) & demanded the arrest of the Girondin delegates

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33
Q

What is the National Convention (FRENCH REVOLUTION)

A

FR government

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34
Q

What were the factions in the National Convention (FRENCH REVOLUTION)

A

Jacobins vs. Girondins

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35
Q

What did the sans-culottes do related to the National Convention (FRENCH REVOLUTION)

A

Armed sans-culottes surrounded the National Convention (FR govt.) & demanded the arrest of the Girondin delegates

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36
Q
A
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37
Q

Who surrounded the National Convention & demanded the arrest of the Girondin delegates? (FRENCH REVOLUTION)

A

Armed sans-culottes

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38
Q

Reign of Terror (4 things to know) (FRENCH REVOLUTION)

A
  • CPS (Commute of Public Safety) effectively a temporary dictatorship
  • dominating the CPS was Maximilien Robespierre
  • Marie Antoinette guillotined
  • effort made to replace traditional Christianity
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39
Q

Reign of Terror (what is it) (FRENCH REVOLUTION)

A

CPS (Committee of Public Safety) effectively a temporary dictatorship

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40
Q

Who dominated the CPS (Reign of Terror) (FRENCH REVOLUTION)

A

Maximilien Robespierre

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41
Q

Who did they guillotine during the Testing of Terror ( FRENCH REVOLUTION)

A

Marie Antoinette guillotined

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42
Q

What did they try to do during the Reign of Terror (FRENCH REVOLUTION)

A

Effort made to replace traditional Christianity

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43
Q

How does the Terror end (FRENCH REVOLUTION)

A

The Terror ends with the Execution of Robespierre

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44
Q

What happens when the Terror ends ( FRENCH REVOLUTION)

A

Jacobin republic dismantled - FR leadership to the property-owning bourgeoisie

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45
Q

What happens when the Terror ends and the Jacobin republic dismantled (FRENCH REVOLUTION)

A

FR leadership to the property-owning bourgeoisie

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46
Q

What does Napoleon Bonaparte do (FRENCH REVOLUTION)

A

Napoleon Bonaparte seizes power in a Coup

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47
Q

Who seizes power in a Coup (FRENCH REVOLUTION)

A

Napoleon Bonaparte

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48
Q

FR Revolution spawned (FRENCH REVOLUTION)

A

Total war

Nationalism

Terror as govt. policy

Revolutionary mentality

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49
Q

What happened to FR navy (FRENCH REVOLUTION)

A

FR Navy defeated/beaten at Trafalgar by GB Admiral Nelson

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50
Q

Who defeated the FR Navy at Trafalgar (FRENCH REVOLUTION)

A

GB Admiral Nelson

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51
Q

Things to know about the FR navy at Trafalgar (FRENCH REVOLUTION)

A
  • FR navy beaten at Trafalgar by GB Admiral Nelson
  • the Continental System would bar countries under FR control from buying GB goods - it failed
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52
Q

What did the Continental System do (in the context of FR navy defeat at Trafalgar) (FRENCH REVOLUTION)

A

The Continental System would bar countries under FR control from buying GB goods - it failed

53
Q

Who does Napoleon invade and what happens (FRENCH REVOLUTION)

A

Napoleon invades Russia; his forces victims of deception

54
Q

What do they do to Napoleon (FRENCH REVOLUTION)

A

Napoleon was exiled to Elba

55
Q

Where is Napoleon exiled to (FRENCH REVOLUTION)

56
Q

What does Napoleon do when exiled (FRENCH REVOLUTION)

A

Napoleon escapes Elba, returns to FR

-dared the King’s forces to shoot their “emperor”

  • British (Duke of Wellington) defeat Napoleon at Waterloo
57
Q

What does Napoleon do when he escapes Elba (FRENCH REVOLUTION)

A

Returns to FR

Dared the King’s forces to shoot their “emperor”

58
Q

Who defeats Napoleon at Waterloo (FRENCH REVOLUTION)

A

British (Duke of Wellington)

59
Q

Napoleon’s rule (4 things to know) (FRENCH REVOLUTION)

A

-eliminated liberty of the press

  • religious peace - toleration for Jews/Protestants
  • provided a unified & efficient system of law
  • economically he aided FR
60
Q

Industrial Revolution (INDUSTRIALISM)

A

Refers to the shift from an agrarian economy

61
Q

The shift from an agrarian economy (INDUSTRIALISM)

A

Industrial Revolution

62
Q

Time periods (INDUSTRIALISM)

A

1st Industrial Revolution - began in Great Britain

63
Q

1st Industrial Revolution (INDUSTRIALISM)

A

Began in Great Britain

64
Q

Transformations (INDUSTRIALISM)

A

James Watt - the steam engine

Eli Whitney - cotton gin

Transport - railroads: possibly the most important element

65
Q

James Watt (INDUSTRIALISM)

A

The steam engine

66
Q

Eli Whitney (INDUSTRIALISM)

A

Cotton gin

67
Q

Transport (INDUSTRIALISM)

68
Q

The steam engine (INDUSTRIALISM)

A

James Watt

69
Q

Cotton gin (INDUSTRIALISM)

A

Eli Whitney

70
Q

Railroads (INDUSTRIALISM)

A

Possibly the most important element of transportation

71
Q

Proletariat (INDUSTRIALISM)

A

Urban, industrial working class

72
Q

Urban, industrial working class (INDUSTRIALISM)

A

Proletariat

73
Q

What did industrialization do (INDUSTRIALISM)

A

Industrialization accelerated urbanization

74
Q

Romanticism hallmarks (WESTERN THOUGHT)

A

Emotion

Feelings

Experience

Imagination

75
Q

Realism (what is it) (WESTERN THOUGHT)

A

Representation of people/things as they are

76
Q

Realism (people) (WESTERN THOUGHT)

A

Jane Austen

Charles Dickens - social concerns

77
Q

Realism (WESTERN THOUGHT)

A

Representation of people/things as they are

Jane Austen
Charles Dickens - social concerns

78
Q

Jane Austen & Charles Dickens (WESTERN THOUGHT)

79
Q

Liberalism (WESTERN THOUGHT)

A

The freedom of the individual

80
Q

G. W. F. Hegel (WESTERN THOUGHT)

A

Advocated the Dialectic: Thesis-Antithesis-Synthesis

• all reasoning (ideas) proceeds from a concept, to another contradictory concept, which gives way to the third concept that transcends and synthesizes both earlier concepts: Thesis-Antithesis-Synthesis

• Hegel existence of the Absolute Spirit manifests itself as the Zeitgeist (“spirit of the age”)

81
Q

Dialectic (WESTERN THOUGHT)

A

G. W. F. Hegel

Thesis-Antithesis-Synthesis

82
Q

Zeitgeist (WESTERN THOUGHT)

A

Hegel - Dialectic

The Absolute Spirit manifests itself as the Zeitgeist (“spirit of the age”)

83
Q

Friedrich Nietzsche (WESTERN THOUGHT)

A

Proclaimed that “God is dead”

84
Q

Who advocated the dialectic (WESTERN THOUGHT)

A

G. W. F. Hegel

85
Q

Who proclaimed that “God is dead” (WESTERN THOUGHT)

A

Friedrich Nietzsche

86
Q

Socialism (SOCIALISM)

A

The means of production are owned not by private individuals, but by the community

87
Q

Forms of socialism (SOCIALISM)

A

Many forms of socialism exist both in theory & in practice

  • all communists are socialists, but not all socialists are communists
88
Q

Marxism (MARXISM)

A

A school of socialism based on the writings of Karl Marx

89
Q

What did Marx publish (MARXISM)

A

Marx published “Communist Manifesto”

90
Q

“Communist Manifesto” (MARXISM)

A

Called for a working-class revolution to overthrow the capitalist system

“Workingmen of all countries, unite!”

91
Q

The essence of history (MARXISM)

A

Violence & struggle

92
Q

Marxism goal (MARXISM)

A

Seizure of power by the working class & the destruction of capitalism (inevitable)

93
Q

Marxism outcome (MARXISM)

A

No need for a state - it would eventually wither away

94
Q

Observations/Critiques (MARXISM)

A
  • economic forces alone will not explain all of history
  • Marxists have not been able to sustain a viable communist economic system
95
Q

Simón Bolívar

A

aka “the Liberator”

Venezuelan patriot/statesman

96
Q

Who was also known as “the Liberator”

A

Simón Bolívar

97
Q

Great Britain suffrage extensions

A

Gave voting rights

98
Q

Reign of Queen Victoria

A

aka Victorian Age

Began rule at age 18

99
Q

China conflict

A

First Opium War

100
Q

Irish Potato Famine

A

The crop failed

C. 1.5 million died - c. 2 million emigrated

101
Q

Mexican-American War

A

MEX lost nearly half its territory

102
Q

Taiping Rebellion

A

China - massive civil war

103
Q

Japan (5 things to know)

A
  • Matthew Perry
  • Tokugawa Shogunate
  • Shogun: commanded the military - hereditary dictator (Tokugawa Shogunate, last)
  • Daimyo: Japan’s feudal lords, vassals of the Shogun
  • Samurai: Warrior retainers of the Daimyo
104
Q

Matthew Perry

A

Japan - Tokugawa Shogunate

105
Q

Shogun

A

Japan

Commanded the military - hereditary dictator (Tokugawa Shogunate, last)

106
Q

Daimyo

A

Japan

Japan’s feudal lords, vassals of the Shogun

107
Q

Samurai

A

Japan

Warrior retainers of the Daimyo

108
Q

Sepoy Rebellion

A

India

aka Indian Mutiny

109
Q

India - Sepoy Rebellion (aka Indian Mutiny)

A

Uprising against British rule - GB wins

(Sepoys: native Indian soldiers)

110
Q

Sepoys

A

Native Indian Soldiers

111
Q

Prussia

A

Otto Von Bismarck becomes Prime Minister

112
Q

Otto Von Bismarck

A

Known as the “Iron Chancellor”

Associated with Realpolitik - politics based in practical & material factors (power/self-interest)

113
Q

Cinco de Mayo (Mexico)

A

MEX forces defeated FR troops

114
Q

Meiji Restoration

115
Q

Problem after Italian unification

A

The issue is Sectionalism

116
Q

Franco-Prussian War

A
  • French forces decisively defeated
  • began 2nd Reich of the DT empire
  • Results: Germany’s annexation of Alsace-Lorraine
117
Q

What conflict resulted in Germany’s annexation of Alsace-Lorraine

A

Franco-Prussian War

118
Q

Who was defeated in the Franco-Prussian war

A

French forces were decisively defeated

119
Q

Age of Western Imperialism

A

Often would involve domination of political, economic, & cultural life

Focus of the era: Africa/Asia

120
Q

Africa (Age of Western Imperialism)

A

African territory held by non-Africans

France, Britain, German, Belgium

121
Q

Motives for imperialism (Age of Western Imperialism)

A

Economic

Nationalism

“White man’s burden” - paternalistic mission to spread Western culture to others

122
Q

White man’s burden (Age of Western Imperialism)

A

Paternalistic mission to spread Western culture to others

123
Q

Germany

A

Rule of Kaiser William II

Supported building a navy to rival GB

124
Q

How was 19th C Russia different compared to W. EU?

A

The middle class remained tiny

125
Q

Boxer Rebellion

A

China

Anti-Western uprising

An international force suppressed the uprising

126
Q

Latin America

A

“Dollar Diplomacy” - describes the nature of US actions in L. America

127
Q

Dollar diplomacy

A

Describes the nature of US actions in L. America

128
Q

Russo-Japanese War

A

Russian/Japanese rivalry

RUS loses

World History II exam 1 (3 decks)

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