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World History II exam 1 > The “Long” 19th Century World > Flashcards

The “Long” 19th Century World Flashcards

1
Q

Chronology (the “long” 19th century world)

A

1789-1799 The French Revolution - three phases: moderate, radical, conservative
1815 Napoleon defeated at Waterloo & the Congress of Vienna ends

1833 Slavery abolished throughout most of the British Empire
1845-1851 Irish potato famine (c. 1.5 million died - c. 2 million emigrated)

1848 Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels issue a Communist Manifesto
1853 Commodore Matthew Perry sails into Tokyo Bay (1st visit)
1854 Charles Spurgeon pastor of New Park Street Chapel (later Met. Tab.)
1859 Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species

1871 Unification completed in both Germany & Italy
1880-1914 Age of Western Imperialism (its great rise)

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2
Q

The French Revolution -three phases: moderate, radical, conservative (chronology)

A

1789-1799

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3
Q

Napoleon defeated at Waterloo & the Congress of Vienna ends (chronology)

A

1815

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4
Q

Slavery abolished throughout most of the British Empire (chronology)

A

1833

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5
Q

Irish potato famine (c. 1.5 million died - c. 2 million emigrated) (chronology)

A

1845-1851

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6
Q

Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels issue “Communist Manifesto” (chronology)

A

1848

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7
Q

Commodore Matthew Perry sails into Tokyo Bay (1st visit) (chronology)

A

1853

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8
Q

Charles Spurgeon pastor of New Park Street Chapel (later Met. Tab.) (chronology)

A

1854

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9
Q

Charles Darwin publishes “On the Origin of Species” (chronology)

A

1859

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10
Q

Unification completed in both Germany & Italy (chronology)

A

1871

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11
Q

Age of Western Imperialism (its great rise) (chronology)

A

1880-1914

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12
Q

Phases of the French Revolution

A

Three phases: moderate, radical, conservative

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13
Q

Where was Napoleon defeated

A

At Waterloo

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14
Q

Who issue the “Communist Manifesto”

A

Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels

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15
Q

Who sails into Tokyo Bay

A

Commodore Matthew Perry

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16
Q

Charles Spurgeon is pastor of…

A

New Park Street Chapel

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17
Q

Who publishes “On the Origin of Species”

A

Charles Darwin

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18
Q

Albert Einstein

A

Mathematician & physicist

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19
Q

Congress of Vienna

A

International peace conference

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20
Q

Nationalism (3 things to know)

A
  • A conscious bond (marked by shared glories/sufferings)
  • The nation gives meaning to the individual’s life & actions
  • Nationalism became a dominant force in 19th century European life
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21
Q

A conscious bond marked by shared glories/sufferings

A

Nationalism

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22
Q

What does the nation do in nationalism

A

The nation gives meaning to the individual’s life & actions

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23
Q

What happened with Nationalism

A

Nationalism became a dominant force in 19th century European life

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24
Q

FR revolutionary slogan (FRENCH REVOLUTION)

A

Liberty, equality, and fraternity

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25
Meeting of the Estates General (FRENCH REVOLUTION)
Louis forced to call the Estates General
26
Tennis Court Oath (FRENCH REVOLUTION)
3rd estate took an oath not to disband until FR had a new constitution
27
Riots in Paris (FRENCH REVOLUTION)
A Paris mob stormed the Bastille (prison)
28
October Days (FRENCH REVOLUTION)
The “fish women” walk to Versailles Monarchy taken to Paris
29
What do they do to King Louis (FRENCH REVOLUTION)
King Louis guillotined
30
Sans- culottes (FRENCH REVOLUTION)
Wore pants Wanted equality with the upper bourgeoisie
31
CPS (FRENCH REVOLUTION)
Committee of Public Safety (CPS)
32
What happened in the National Convention (FRENCH REVOLUTION)
There were factions in the National Convention (Jacobins vs. Girondins) Armed sans-culottes surrounded the National Convention (FR govt.) & demanded the arrest of the Girondin delegates
33
What is the National Convention (FRENCH REVOLUTION)
FR government
34
What were the factions in the National Convention (FRENCH REVOLUTION)
Jacobins vs. Girondins
35
What did the sans-culottes do related to the National Convention (FRENCH REVOLUTION)
Armed sans-culottes surrounded the National Convention (FR govt.) & demanded the arrest of the Girondin delegates
36
37
Who surrounded the National Convention & demanded the arrest of the Girondin delegates? (FRENCH REVOLUTION)
Armed sans-culottes
38
Reign of Terror (4 things to know) (FRENCH REVOLUTION)
- CPS (Commute of Public Safety) effectively a temporary dictatorship - dominating the CPS was Maximilien Robespierre - Marie Antoinette guillotined - effort made to replace traditional Christianity
39
Reign of Terror (what is it) (FRENCH REVOLUTION)
CPS (Committee of Public Safety) effectively a temporary dictatorship
40
Who dominated the CPS (Reign of Terror) (FRENCH REVOLUTION)
Maximilien Robespierre
41
Who did they guillotine during the Testing of Terror ( FRENCH REVOLUTION)
Marie Antoinette guillotined
42
What did they try to do during the Reign of Terror (FRENCH REVOLUTION)
Effort made to replace traditional Christianity
43
How does the Terror end (FRENCH REVOLUTION)
The Terror ends with the Execution of Robespierre
44
What happens when the Terror ends ( FRENCH REVOLUTION)
Jacobin republic dismantled - FR leadership to the property-owning bourgeoisie
45
What happens when the Terror ends and the Jacobin republic dismantled (FRENCH REVOLUTION)
FR leadership to the property-owning bourgeoisie
46
What does Napoleon Bonaparte do (FRENCH REVOLUTION)
Napoleon Bonaparte seizes power in a Coup
47
Who seizes power in a Coup (FRENCH REVOLUTION)
Napoleon Bonaparte
48
FR Revolution spawned (FRENCH REVOLUTION)
Total war Nationalism Terror as govt. policy Revolutionary mentality
49
What happened to FR navy (FRENCH REVOLUTION)
FR Navy defeated/beaten at Trafalgar by GB Admiral Nelson
50
Who defeated the FR Navy at Trafalgar (FRENCH REVOLUTION)
GB Admiral Nelson
51
Things to know about the FR navy at Trafalgar (FRENCH REVOLUTION)
- FR navy beaten at Trafalgar by GB Admiral Nelson - the Continental System would bar countries under FR control from buying GB goods - it failed
52
What did the Continental System do (in the context of FR navy defeat at Trafalgar) (FRENCH REVOLUTION)
The Continental System would bar countries under FR control from buying GB goods - it failed
53
Who does Napoleon invade and what happens (FRENCH REVOLUTION)
Napoleon invades Russia; his forces victims of deception
54
What do they do to Napoleon (FRENCH REVOLUTION)
Napoleon was exiled to Elba
55
Where is Napoleon exiled to (FRENCH REVOLUTION)
Elba
56
What does Napoleon do when exiled (FRENCH REVOLUTION)
Napoleon escapes Elba, returns to FR -dared the King’s forces to shoot their “emperor” - British (Duke of Wellington) defeat Napoleon at Waterloo
57
What does Napoleon do when he escapes Elba (FRENCH REVOLUTION)
Returns to FR Dared the King’s forces to shoot their “emperor”
58
Who defeats Napoleon at Waterloo (FRENCH REVOLUTION)
British (Duke of Wellington)
59
Napoleon’s rule (4 things to know) (FRENCH REVOLUTION)
-eliminated liberty of the press - religious peace - toleration for Jews/Protestants - provided a unified & efficient system of law - economically he aided FR
60
Industrial Revolution (INDUSTRIALISM)
Refers to the shift from an agrarian economy
61
The shift from an agrarian economy (INDUSTRIALISM)
Industrial Revolution
62
Time periods (INDUSTRIALISM)
1st Industrial Revolution - began in Great Britain
63
1st Industrial Revolution (INDUSTRIALISM)
Began in Great Britain
64
Transformations (INDUSTRIALISM)
James Watt - the steam engine Eli Whitney - cotton gin Transport - railroads: possibly the most important element
65
James Watt (INDUSTRIALISM)
The steam engine
66
Eli Whitney (INDUSTRIALISM)
Cotton gin
67
Transport (INDUSTRIALISM)
Railroads
68
The steam engine (INDUSTRIALISM)
James Watt
69
Cotton gin (INDUSTRIALISM)
Eli Whitney
70
Railroads (INDUSTRIALISM)
Possibly the most important element of transportation
71
Proletariat (INDUSTRIALISM)
Urban, industrial working class
72
Urban, industrial working class (INDUSTRIALISM)
Proletariat
73
What did industrialization do (INDUSTRIALISM)
Industrialization accelerated urbanization
74
Romanticism hallmarks (WESTERN THOUGHT)
Emotion Feelings Experience Imagination
75
Realism (what is it) (WESTERN THOUGHT)
Representation of people/things as they are
76
Realism (people) (WESTERN THOUGHT)
Jane Austen Charles Dickens - social concerns
77
Realism (WESTERN THOUGHT)
Representation of people/things as they are Jane Austen Charles Dickens - social concerns
78
Jane Austen & Charles Dickens (WESTERN THOUGHT)
Realism
79
Liberalism (WESTERN THOUGHT)
The freedom of the individual
80
G. W. F. Hegel (WESTERN THOUGHT)
Advocated the Dialectic: Thesis-Antithesis-Synthesis • all reasoning (ideas) proceeds from a concept, to another contradictory concept, which gives way to the third concept that transcends and synthesizes both earlier concepts: Thesis-Antithesis-Synthesis • Hegel existence of the Absolute Spirit manifests itself as the Zeitgeist (“spirit of the age”)
81
Dialectic (WESTERN THOUGHT)
G. W. F. Hegel Thesis-Antithesis-Synthesis
82
Zeitgeist (WESTERN THOUGHT)
Hegel - Dialectic The Absolute Spirit manifests itself as the Zeitgeist (“spirit of the age”)
83
Friedrich Nietzsche (WESTERN THOUGHT)
Proclaimed that “God is dead”
84
Who advocated the dialectic (WESTERN THOUGHT)
G. W. F. Hegel
85
Who proclaimed that “God is dead” (WESTERN THOUGHT)
Friedrich Nietzsche
86
Socialism (SOCIALISM)
The means of production are owned not by private individuals, but by the community
87
Forms of socialism (SOCIALISM)
Many forms of socialism exist both in theory & in practice - all communists are socialists, but not all socialists are communists
88
Marxism (MARXISM)
A school of socialism based on the writings of Karl Marx
89
What did Marx publish (MARXISM)
Marx published “Communist Manifesto”
90
“Communist Manifesto” (MARXISM)
Called for a working-class revolution to overthrow the capitalist system “Workingmen of all countries, unite!”
91
The essence of history (MARXISM)
Violence & struggle
92
Marxism goal (MARXISM)
Seizure of power by the working class & the destruction of capitalism (inevitable)
93
Marxism outcome (MARXISM)
No need for a state - it would eventually wither away
94
Observations/Critiques (MARXISM)
- economic forces alone will not explain all of history - Marxists have not been able to sustain a viable communist economic system
95
Simón Bolívar
aka “the Liberator” Venezuelan patriot/statesman
96
Who was also known as “the Liberator”
Simón Bolívar
97
Great Britain suffrage extensions
Gave voting rights
98
Reign of Queen Victoria
aka Victorian Age Began rule at age 18
99
China conflict
First Opium War
100
Irish Potato Famine
The crop failed C. 1.5 million died - c. 2 million emigrated
101
Mexican-American War
MEX lost nearly half its territory
102
Taiping Rebellion
China - massive civil war
103
Japan (5 things to know)
- **Matthew Perry** - Tokugawa Shogunate - **Shogun**: commanded the military - hereditary dictator (Tokugawa Shogunate, last) - **Daimyo**: Japan’s feudal lords, vassals of the Shogun - **Samurai**: Warrior retainers of the Daimyo
104
Matthew Perry
Japan - Tokugawa Shogunate
105
Shogun
Japan Commanded the military - hereditary dictator (Tokugawa Shogunate, last)
106
Daimyo
Japan Japan’s feudal lords, vassals of the Shogun
107
Samurai
Japan Warrior retainers of the Daimyo
108
Sepoy Rebellion
India aka Indian Mutiny
109
India - Sepoy Rebellion (aka Indian Mutiny)
Uprising against British rule - GB wins (Sepoys: native Indian soldiers)
110
Sepoys
Native Indian Soldiers
111
Prussia
Otto Von Bismarck becomes Prime Minister
112
Otto Von Bismarck
Known as the “Iron Chancellor” Associated with Realpolitik - politics based in practical & material factors (power/self-interest)
113
Cinco de Mayo (Mexico)
MEX forces defeated FR troops
114
Meiji Restoration
Japan
115
Problem after Italian unification
The issue is Sectionalism
116
Franco-Prussian War
- French forces decisively defeated - began 2nd Reich of the DT empire - Results: Germany’s annexation of Alsace-Lorraine
117
What conflict resulted in Germany’s annexation of Alsace-Lorraine
Franco-Prussian War
118
Who was defeated in the Franco-Prussian war
French forces were decisively defeated
119
Age of Western Imperialism
Often would involve domination of political, economic, & cultural life Focus of the era: Africa/Asia
120
Africa (Age of Western Imperialism)
African territory held by non-Africans France, Britain, German, Belgium
121
Motives for imperialism (Age of Western Imperialism)
Economic Nationalism “White man’s burden” - paternalistic mission to spread Western culture to others
122
White man’s burden (Age of Western Imperialism)
Paternalistic mission to spread Western culture to others
123
Germany
Rule of Kaiser William II Supported building a navy to rival GB
124
How was 19th C Russia different compared to W. EU?
The middle class remained tiny
125
Boxer Rebellion
China Anti-Western uprising An international force suppressed the uprising
126
Latin America
“Dollar Diplomacy” - describes the nature of US actions in L. America
127
Dollar diplomacy
Describes the nature of US actions in L. America
128
Russo-Japanese War
Russian/Japanese rivalry RUS loses

World History II exam 1 (3 decks)

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