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Y9 revision > the living world rainforests > Flashcards

the living world rainforests Flashcards

1
Q

Abiotic

A

components in an ecosystem that are non-living environmental factors such as climate (temperature and rainfall), soil, water temperature and light

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2
Q

Accessibility

A

the ease of access to a place

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3
Q

adaptations

A

Actions taken to adjust to natural events such as climate change to reduce potential damage and limit the impacts

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4
Q

Adventure tourism

A

a type of tourism that involves the travel to a remote or exotic location to pursue physically challenging activities such as hiking or kayaking

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5
Q

Animal adaptations - Squirrel monkey

A
  • Large tail for balance in the canopy
  • paws are like hands
  • Strong, short size for jump power
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6
Q

Animal adaptations - Toucan

A

Bright colours to attract mates

strong claws

nests in tree holes

large, strong, colourful beak

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7
Q

Biodiversity

A

the variety of life in the world or a particular ecosystem

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8
Q

Biome

A

global-scale ecosystems such as a tropical rainforest or deciduous woodland

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9
Q

Biotic

A

components in an ecosystem that are living such as plants and fish

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10
Q

Canopy

A

the continuous layer of branches in a forest, which in tropical rainforests hosts the majority of plant and animal species

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11
Q

Carbon sink

A

the removal of CO2 from the atmosphere

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12
Q

Causes of deforestation - agrigulture - cattle ranching

A
  • rainforest is cleared for space for cattle to graze on
  • Cattle is butched and sold for meat / leather for money
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13
Q

Causes of deforestation - agrigulture - crop farming

A

Rainforest is cleared to grow cash crops - soya beans, palm oil, tea coffee, sell these to HIC’s for huge profits

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14
Q

Causes of deforestation - Hydroelectric power

A

Huge rivers in rainforest have been used for hydro electric power resulting in rainforest being flooded

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15
Q

Causes of Deforestation - Logging

A

Rainforest is cut down so valuable trees like mahogany and teak is sold for timber less valuable trees are cut down for making paper

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16
Q

Causes of deforestation - Mining

A

Mines develop in rainforests resulting in trees cleared. Surface mining in large open pits is cheaper but scars the landscape

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17
Q

Causes of deforestation - Population growth

A

As the population grows people will need more space resulting in the rainforest being cut down for timber and space

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18
Q

Causes of deforestation - Road Building

A

Allows for other areas of the rainforest to be accessed by farmers loggers and miners resulting in more deforestation

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19
Q

Climate

A

the average weather over a long period of time

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20
Q

Climate change

A

a long-term change in the earth’s climate, especially due to an increase in the average atmospheric temperature

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21
Q

Component

A

an individual part or element of a wider system

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22
Q

Conservation

A

managing the environment in order to preserve, protect or restore it

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23
Q

Conservation group

A

an organisation that helps protect threatened and endangered environments or wildlife e.g. the World Wildlife Fund (WWF)

24
Q

Consumer

A

organism that eats herbivores and/or plant matter

25
Q

Debt reduction

A

countries are relieved of some of their debt in return for an agreement that they preserve and protect their natural environments

26
Q

Decomposer

A

organisms such as bacteria or fungi that break down plant and animal material

27
Q

Deforestation

A

the cutting down and removal of forest

28
Q

economic impacts of deforestation

A
  • cash crops are planted and grown
  • wood is used for wood and paper
29
Q

Ecosystem

A

a community of plants and animals that interact with each other and their physical environment

30
Q

Ecotourism

A

nature tourism usually involving small groups with minimal impact on the environment

31
Q

emergent layer

A

The emergent layer is the top of the rainforest. The weather is hot, wet, and windy in this layer. The trees can be from 70 meters off the ground here.

32
Q

Environmental impacts of deforestation

A

Deforestation is responsible for 24% of greenhouse gas emissions

extreme loss in biodiversity

more CO2 remains in atmosphere

33
Q

Equator

A

an imaginary line that divides Earth’s surface into a northern and southern hemisphere

34
Q

Extreme temperatures

A

temperatures that present challenges for people, animals and plants living in in certain environments

35
Q

Food chain

A

connections between different organisms (plants and animals) that rely upon one another as their source of food

36
Q

Food web

A

a complex hierarchy of plants and animals relying on each other for food

37
Q

forest floor

A

The forest floor is the darkest of all rainforest layers recieving less thean 2% of sunlight. Decomposers, such as termites, slugs, scorpions, worms, and fungi, thrive on the forest floor.

38
Q

Geothermal energy

A

energy generated by heat stored deep in the Earth

39
Q

Indigenous tribes

A

native to a particular place, usually living in harmony with the natural environment, using resources without causing long-term harm

40
Q

Interception

A

When trees/vegetation collects falling rain

41
Q

International agreements

A

promises made between countries and/or organisations to mitigate the destruction of natural habitats

42
Q

Nutrient cycle

A

on-going recycling of nutrients between living organisms and their environment

43
Q

plant adaptations - leaf angling

A

leaves are often arranged in different so a plant avoids shading its own leaves

44
Q

Producer

A

an organism or plant that is able to absorb energy from the sun through photosynthesis

45
Q

Selective logging

A

sustainable forestry management where only carefully selected trees are cut down

46
Q

Slash and burn

A

a method of land clearing that involves the use of fire, which creates valuable nutrients to help plants grow, but can grow out of control and destroy large areas of forest

47
Q

Social impacts of deforestation

A
  • Housing will be built
  • people living in the rainforest will struggle
48
Q

Soil erosion

A

removal of topsoil faster than it can be replaced, due to natural (water and wind action), animal and human activity

49
Q

Causes of Deforestation - Agriculture - Subsistence farming

A

a type of agriculture producing only enough food and materials for the benefit of a farmer and their family

50
Q

Sustainability

A

actions that meet the needs of the present without reducing the ability of future generations to meet their needs

51
Q

symbiotic relationship

A

relationship where both participant species benefit mutually.

e.g. Certain caterpillars produce sweet chemicals from dew patches on their backs upon which a certain ant species will feed. In return the ants vigorously protect the Caterpillar

52
Q

Transmigration

A

people removed from one place and moved to another

53
Q

transpiration

A

When water held on leaves of vegetation is evaporated because of intense sunlight

54
Q

Tropical rainforest

A

global-scale ecosystem mainly found close to the Equator, characterised by high temperatures, high rainfall and huge biodiversity

55
Q

understory

A

The understory layer is located beneath the canopy. The understory only gets 2 - 15% of sunlight. It is dark and humid here. The understory is home to smaller animals, insects, and snakes.

56
Q

Wilderness areas

A

a natural environment that has not been significantly modified by human activity

Y9 revision (7 decks)

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