EOY - Geog urban issues and challenges

Question 1

megacity

Answer 1

a city with 10 million or more people

Question 2

where are the majority of the worlds megacities located?

Answer 2

in india and china

Question 3

pull factors resulting in people moving from rural to urban areas

Answer 3

There are more well-paid jobs

a higher standard of living is possible

better education

better medical facilities

range of entertainment available

Question 4

push factors resulting in people moving from rural to urban areas

Answer 4

Farming is hard and poorly paid

rural areas are isolated due to poor roads

poor harvests mainly to malnutrition and famine

farming is often at substance level only providing enough food for the family leaving nothing to sell

Question 5

examples of Mumbai’s Naitional importance

Answer 5

• Mumbai is an important economic hub in India - contributes to 60% of all factory employment and 40% of foreign trade
• best city transport system in India, has two airports
• it has most of India specialised technical industries

Question 6

Dharavi slum

Answer 6

Dharavi lies between two railway lines on low lying land previously used as a rubbish chip and is one of the biggest squatter settlements in the world. It’s:

• unplanned, overcrowded, noisy and smells of pollution
• many houses made of discarded materials
• 12 neighbourhoods and no maps or roads
• people live in small dwellings with multiple generations of their family
• Has a lack of access to basic services like food, water & healthcare increasing risk of illness and disease. Results in an average o 4000 cases of typhoid and diphtheria due to this and the open sewers
• It’s unplanned for example the water pipes run through sewage and when the pipe cracks it allows the water to be polluted and water is only available for two hours in a day in the early morning

Question 7

recycling in Dharavi - positives

Answer 7

• 80% of plastic waste is recycled compared to 23% of UK
• 85% of people have a job
• some people have managed to become millionaires within Dharavi

Question 8

recycling in Dharavi - negatives

Answer 8

• Rubbish sorters earn £1 a day
• Work in terrible condition
• workers include women and some children

Question 9

Informal economy

Answer 9

In the informal economy, there is no minimum wage, the workers are unlikely to pay taxes, have no holiday rights and often work in dangerous or hazardous conditions. Jobs include rag picking, breaking up and recycling old electronic products, recycling waste, making pottery, selling items on the street etc.

Question 10

Urban sprawl

Answer 10

unplanned growth of urban areas into the surrounding countryside.

Question 11

Brownfield Site

Answer 11

Land that has been used, abandoned and now awaits some new use. Commonly found across urban areas, particularly in the inner city.

Question 12

Greenfield sites

Answer 12

A plot of land, often in a rural or on the edge of an urban area, that has not yet been subject to any building development.