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Geography > The Living World > Flashcards

The Living World Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

A community of plants and animals living together in a habitat. The lives of the plants and animals relate closely to each other and the climate and soil of the area.

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2
Q

Flora

A

Plants

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3
Q

Fauna

A

Animals

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4
Q

Non living components

A 
Water
Sunlight
Soil
Rain
Temp
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5
Q

Producer

A

Does photosynthesis

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6
Q

Consumer

A

Eats plant matter and/or herbivores

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7
Q

Decomposer

A

Breaks things down

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8
Q

Food chain

A

Single links between organisations

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9
Q

Food web

A

Complex hierarchy of plants and animals

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10
Q

Biotic

A

Living

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11
Q

Abiotic

A

Non living

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12
Q

What are biomes?

A

Large scale ecosystems defined by abiotic factors

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13
Q

Describe temperate boreal forest (taiga)?

A

Northern coniferous (evergreen). Cold. Largest biome. 17% of earths land area.

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14
Q

Describe temperate deciduous forest?

A

Few extremes of climate. Eastern north America + western Europe (some of asia). Four seasons. Leaves change + drop off.

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15
Q

Describe arctic + alpine tundra

A

Covers one fifth of land on earth. Little precipitation. Short growing season. Poor nutrients. Below freezing at night.

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16
Q

Describe grassland

A

Grasses, flowers and herbs. Average annual precipitation. Unpredictable precipitation. Drought and fire.

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17
Q

Describe tropical rainforests

A

Hot. Wet. On or around the equator. Greatest biodiversity on earth.

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18
Q

Describe desert

A

Hot. Very dry. Drought. Little vegetation.

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19
Q

Describe chaparral

A

Flat plains. Rocky hills. Mountain slopes. Hot. Dry. Mild winters.

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20
Q

Describe tropical savannah

A

Hot. Dry. Mainly grassland. Scattered shrubs. Isolated trees.

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21
Q

Why are rainforest soils red?

A

High iron and aluminium content.

22
Q

What is leaching?

A

Drain away of nutrients from soil

23
Q

What are garimpeiros?

A

Gold miners

24
Q

What do garimpeiros use to purify their gold?

A

Mercury

25
Q

What is the leading cause of deforestation?

A

Cattle ranching

26
Q

How does cattle ranching lead to erosion and leaching?

A

Soil is open to rain

27
Q

What is the name of the road running through the Amazon rainforest?

A

BR163

Trans-Amazonian Highway

28
Q

How long is the BR163?

A

1700km

29
Q

What are the disadvantages of the BR163?

A

Encourages more people to come and take down trees

Loss of habitats

30
Q

What are the advantages of the BR163?

A

Road can be used anytime
Bring aid to those in need
Tourism
Increased rate of distribution of legal goods
Scientists and meteorologists can get there easier

31
Q

What is another cause of deforestation?

A

Logging trees

Hydroelectric power

32
Q

On which river is the Tucurui Dam?

A

The Tocatins river (tributary)

33
Q

How large is the Tucurui dam reservoir?

A

2000km²

34
Q

How many homes were lost due to flooding?

A

30,000

35
Q

How much did the Tucurui dam cost?

A

$5 billion

36
Q

What is sustainability?

A

🎵meeting the needs of today, without compromising the needs of tomorrow🎵

37
Q

How much of south America is covered by the rainforest?

A

40%

38
Q

How many species of bird are in the rainforest?

A

1000

39
Q

How many species of plants are in the rainforest?

A

60,000

40
Q

How many species of insects in the rainforest?

A

10 million

41
Q

How many people live in the rainforest?

A

20 million

42
Q

How many square miles of land does the rainforest cover?

A

2.1 million

43
Q

The Amazon is home almost ___ of all species on earth

A

20%

44
Q

___ of the world’s fresh water comes from the rainforest

A

20%

45
Q

___ of the world’s oxygen comes from the rainforest

A

28%

46
Q

____ of ALL flora and fauna live in the rainforest

A

Half

47
Q

___ of all medicine comes from the rainforest

A

25%

48
Q

____ rainforest plants have anti-cancer properties

A

2000

49
Q

What are the solutions of the rainforest’s problem?

A 
Selective logging
Ecotourism 
Conservation
Education 
International agreements (FSC)
50
Q

Why don’t saguaro cactus grow near each other?

A

Because their roots are so long.

51
Q

What are the adaptations of the saguaro cactus?

A

Hairy leaves
Spines so they dont get eaten
Waxy coating

52
Q

What are the adaptations of camels?

A 
Thick eyelashes
Slit nostrils 
Big rubber lips
Thick fur on top
Fatty hump
Thin fur on underside 
Lose little water through sweat + urine

Geography (3 decks)

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