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Geography > Natural + Human Causes Of Climate Change > Flashcards

Natural + Human Causes Of Climate Change Flashcards

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1
Q

What is eccentricity?

A

It describes the path of the earth as it orbits the sun.

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2
Q

How long does it take to go from orbital to elliptical?

A

100,000 years

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3
Q

This affects the…

A

…temperature of the earth

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4
Q

🤏

A

Elliptical

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5
Q

👌

A

Orbital

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6
Q

Every 41,000 years the earth’s axis…

A

…changes from 21.5° to 24.5°

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7
Q

The earth spins on its axis causing…

A

…night and day.

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8
Q

What is precession?

A

As the earth moves it wobbles

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9
Q

Precession causes…

A

…longer days and nights in certain parts of the world.

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10
Q

What are sunspots?

A

Dark patches on the sun.

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11
Q

Over how many years does the number of sunspots go from a maximum to minimum (and vice versa)?

A

11 years

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12
Q

How do sunspots affect the suns sun’s temperature?

A

More sunspots = warmer sun

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13
Q

Volcanic ash can…

A

…block out the sun

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14
Q

How many people are born in an hour?

A

8000

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15
Q

This means more ______ is needed.

A 
Energy
Electricity 
Transport 
Food
Buildings
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16
Q

This means more _______ is produced

A

Waste

Greenhouse gases

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17
Q

Burning fossil fuels…

A

…releases CO² into the atmosphere

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18
Q

Which practices release the most methane?

A

Cattle farming
Rice farming
Landfill

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19
Q

How much worse is methane compared to CO²?

A

23 times worse

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20
Q

Methane production has increased…

A

…by 148%

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21
Q

Rice is the…

A

…most eaten food on the planet

22
Q

Methane is produced by rice farming because…

A

…microbes on rice roots create methane

23
Q

Methane produced by one cow is equivalent to…

A

A car driving 8000 miles

24
Q

Cement production makes up…

A

…5% of man made gases

25
Q

1 tonne of cement is equivalent to…

A

…a car driving 10,000 miles

26
Q

Over the past 50 years, ___ of all rainforests have been destroyed.

A

50%

27
Q

What does burning trees release?

A

CO²

28
Q

One person produces ________ of waste per year

A

½ a tonne

29
Q

The greenhouse effect is…

A

…natural and good

30
Q

The enhanced greenhouse effect is…

A

…bad 😡

31
Q

What is mitigation?

A

When people reduce the causes of a hazard to their lives.

32
Q

What is adaptation?

A

When people respond to change to limit its impacts or take advantage of the change.

33
Q

Advantages of wind turbines

A

Renewable energy
Stable prices
UK gets lots of wind

34
Q

Disadvantages of wind turbines

A

Noise pollution
Impact on landscape
Expensive

35
Q

Advantages of solar power

A

No pollution
Quiet
Can be used globally
Can be used in remote locations

36
Q

Disadvantages of solar power

A

Expensive
Can only generate electricity during daylight hours
Weather can effect efficiency

37
Q

Advantages of hydroelectric power

A

Stable prices

No CO² released

38
Q

Disadvantages of hydroelectric power

A

Rely on rainfall
Vulnerable to drought
Impact on the environment and habitat around them
Can cause flooding

39
Q

Advantages of nuclear power

A

Much less CO² released

Reliable steady stream of electricity

40
Q

Disadvantages of nuclear power

A

Expensive

Safety concerns

41
Q

Sites for carbon capture

A

Saline aquifers
Un-mineable coal seams
Old oil and gas wells

42
Q

Carbon capture can decrease CO² emissions by…

A

…90%

43
Q

What is afforestation?

A

Planting more trees in order to take CO² out of the atmosphere

44
Q

What is the fourth method of mitigation?

A 
International agreements (eg. The Earth Summit, the Kyoto Protocol, the Paris Protocol)
The UK Climate Change Act (2008)
45
Q

What are the advantages of climate change for farmers?

A

Increased yields for crops
Better grass yields
New crops and tree species
Fish stocks may increase as species move north

46
Q

What are the disadvantages of climate change for farmers?

A 
Crop losses (flooding, forestry)
Timber yielding and reduced quality (drier weather + pests)
Fish species moving north - reducing UK's cold fishery
47
Q

How will the farmers adjust?

A

Altering the species they farm
Harvest water
Draining water
Altering the timing or location of cropping
Improving pest, disease and weed control
Using climate forecasting
Using genetically modified species

48
Q

Climate change will…

A

…make water more scarce (melt ice and snow more quickly)
Lead to more, heavier rainfall
Lead to extreme floods and droughts

49
Q

Other factors increasing water scarcity include:

A

Increasing population
Agriculture
Water pollution
Rising wealth

50
Q

Solutions for water scarcity:

A

Reservoirs
Desalination
Increase water saving, reuse and recycling
Tube wells

51
Q

Reducing risks of rising sea levels:

A

Abandoning areas at most risk and not worth saving economically :(
Planning to provide a strategy for long term coastal adaptation

Geography (3 decks)

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