The Living Earth L1 ~ Midterm Flashcards
What is matter?
Anything that takes up space, we can touch and has weight
What is energy?
Anything classified as movement or has the potential of movement
What does it mean that matter/energy is “conserved”?
Matter: Atoms can not be created, destroyed, but can be moved/rearranged into different molecules
Energy: Cannot be created nor destroyed, but can be transferred
Name the three different diets:
Carnivores, omnivores, and herbivores
What are different traits that help an animal survive?
Color of fur, thickness of fur, amount of speed/movement it can perform, how aggressive it is, how sharp their teeth/claws are, etc.
Why is there a loss of energy at each trophic level?
The predators only take part of the energy and the rest gets transferred either into the atmosphere or turns into digested material
What is the percentage of energy that is efficiently used by an organism?
10%
What is the percentage of energy that is lost from food that it eats?
90%
How can a change in the environment have a positive/negative impact on organisms?
Positive: Depending on the environment, if there is more human activity, that can result in more carbon dioxide which can result in more photosynthesis which can be needed.
Negative: Depending on the environment, if there isn’t enough sunlight, then the process of photosynthesis cannot happen resulting in no sugar nor oxygen and no water to sustain the plant’s self, causing it to die.
What are the importance of keystone species to maintain balance in an ecosystem?
Without a keystone species, then one species that would increase because of it could diminish and go extinct and one that would decrease because of it can overgrow and take over the ecosystem.
How do biotic and abiotic factors maintain balance in an ecosystem?
While abiotic factors maintain the nutrients or producers and things that can be created into other useful things, biotic factors make sure the producers to over grow and that there is balance.
How do cells break down the polymers in food to create the monomers that could be absorbed by the body?
In a process called hydrolysis
Which type of organisms perform cellular respiration?
Nearly all living organisms (animals, plants, fungi, ect.)
Where in the body does cellular respiration take place?
Cytoplasm and mitochondria
How is energy transformed in cellular respiration?
Thermal energy and ATP
Where does the energy ultimately end up?
Either in the atmosphere as thermal or sound energy or in the ground as kinetic energy
How is matter transformed in cellular respiration?
6O2 + C6H12O6»_space;> 6CO2 + 6H2O
Which type of organisms perform photosynthesis?
Plants, algae, bacteria, etc.
Where does photosynthesis take place?
Chloroplasts
What processes move carbon between different reservoirs?
Photosynthesis, breathing, burning fossil fuels, etc.
How can a plant make lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates from simple sugars?
Photosynthesis
