The Liberal State 1911-18

Question 1

When was Italy fully unified?

Answer 1

1870

Question 2

Campanilismo

Answer 2

A feeling of pride and belonging to their place of birth, which was much stronger than any sense of national identity

Question 3

Risorgimento

Answer 3

‘Rebirth’ , the unification of Italy

Question 4

Anarchism

Answer 4

The violent overthrow of state authority and control (the government, military and police)and the establishment of a self-governing order where people would be free to live in a society without government rule or laws

Question 5

Roman Question

Answer 5

The split between the Italian state and the Catholic Church which refused to recognise the legitimacy of the unified nation.

Question 6

What did the new pope Leo XII do in 1886

Answer 6

Formally forbade Catholics from running for office or voting in national elections

Question 7

Trasformismo

Answer 7

Political manoeuvring caused by corruption, frequent changes in government and an inability to improve legalisation that might improve the lives of Italians

Question 8

How many changes of prime minister were there between 1870 and 1922

Answer 8

29

Question 9

Between 1901 and 1911, how many strikes were there and how many people were involved?

Answer 9

1,500 strikes involving 350,000 workers

Question 10

What percentage of Italian men had the vote?

Answer 10

Less than 25%

Question 11

When did an Italian prime minister visit the south

Answer 11

32 years after unification

Question 12

What cities were involved in the industrial triangle?

Answer 12

Milan, Genoa, Turin

Question 13

How many people died between 1910 and 1911 and what was the cause

Answer 13

25,000. Cholera outbreak

Question 14

Irredentism

Answer 14

A movement stating that’s Italy’s successful unification in 1870 should continue until all Italian-speaking areas were incorporated into Italy

Question 15

What was Giolitti’s main aim?

Answer 15

To make Italy strong and powerful by absorbing the political parties including the socialists, nationalists and the Catholic Church into his liberal government

Question 16

When was the socialist party founded and what letters stand for it?

Answer 16

1892, PSI

Question 17

Who led the PSI?

Answer 17

Filippo Turati

Question 18

Examples of the socialist reforms?

Answer 18

Banning of the employment of children under the age of 12 (1901)
Limiting the working day for women to 11 hours (1902)
Introduction of the maternity fund (1910)

Question 19

What did Giolitti say about the church in 1904

Answer 19

They were two parallel lines which should never meet

Question 20

What did Giolitti do for the Catholics?

Answer 20

Allowed a divorce bill and promoted education

Question 21

What did the nationalists believe in?

Answer 21

Being antisocialist and antiliberal, aggressive foreign policy that looked to expand Italy’s power in Africa was necessary

Question 22

Who supported the nationalists?

Answer 22

The educated middle class

Question 23

What letters stand for the nationalists?

Answer 23

ANI

Question 24

What did Giolitti do for the nationalists and when?

Answer 24

Enter the war on Libya in 1911

Question 25

How many deputies were achieved in the 1913 election?

Answer 25

79

Question 26

Who did the war on Libya appease?

Answer 26

Nationalists and catholics

Question 27

When was the invasion of libya?

Answer 27

29th September 1911

Question 28

How many Italian deaths were there from the Libyan war?

Answer 28

3,500

Question 29

How did Giolitti extend the franchise in 1912?

Answer 29

All men who had completed military service and all men aged 30 regardless of literacy could vote

Question 30

How many deputies did the liberals win/lose in the 1909 election?

Answer 30

Won 318 Lost 71

Question 31

Anti-clericalism

Answer 31

Don’t want the church involved with politics

Question 32

Syndicalism

Answer 32

When workers seize control of the government or economy

Question 33

Liberalism

Answer 33

The rights of an individual, liberty, political equality, freedom of speech

Question 34

Who argued Italy should join the ww1

Answer 34

Antonio salandra

Question 35

What treaty did Italy sign and when and who were they joining

Answer 35

Treaty of London on 26th April 1915 on the side of the Triple Entente supporting Britain, France and Russia

Question 36

How many deputies announced their opposition to salandra’s decision

Answer 36

300

Question 37

When was salandra reinstated as prime minister

Answer 37

16 may

Question 38

When did Italy declare war on Austria

Answer 38

25 May 1915

Question 39

Which political party voted against Salandra’s emergency powers

Answer 39

PSI

Question 40

What did salandra hope for in the war?

Answer 40

A brief, offensive war with immediate territorial gains

Question 41

How many Italians died in 1915 during the attempted offences in Austria

Answer 41

62,000

Question 42

Problems the war created

Answer 42

-nearly 5 million men were conscripted into the army -no one understood the same language

Question 43

Luigi Cadorna

Answer 43

commander of the Italian army from 1914-1917. Insisted on effective warfare=death of thousands of Italians. Refused to organise the army for defensive battles. He would shoot disobedient troops

Question 44

What was the strafexpedition

Answer 44

1916, a major offensive in the Trentine salient in order to open a path that would allow it to attack Verona and Bologna

Question 45

Who replaced Salandra after the defeat at Caporetto?

Answer 45

Paolo Boselli

Question 46

What did the defeat at caporetto reveal

Answer 46

The poor state of the army and significant anger and debate within Italy

Question 47

What were the consequences of the defeat of caporetto

Answer 47

10,000 Italians killed, 30,000 wounded, 300,000 taken prisoner, 400,000 soldiers simply vanished

Question 48

Socialist response to the war

Answer 48

Opposed it Saw it as anti-Italian, unpatriotic and blamed the poor performance of Italy’s military.

Question 49

How many vehicles did Fiat produce in 1918

Answer 49

25,000

Question 50

Consequence on the economy after war

Answer 50

84.9 billion lire debt in June 1919

Question 51

What happened in august 1917?

Answer 51

50 workers killed protesting in Turin against bread shortages and the continuation of war

Question 52

What industries grew between 1899 and 1914

Answer 52

Iron, steel, mechanical, electrical, chemical, car (fiat)

Question 53

Meridionale

Answer 53

South Italy regions

Question 54

What did Italy’s foreign policy goals focus on

Answer 54

Irredentism, belief that italy should reclaim the areas of istria and the South Tyrol

Question 55

What was the PSI split into

Answer 55

Reformists (prepared to work with Giolitti) and maximalists (revolution and violent overthrow of state) E.g Mussolini

Question 56

What did the nationalists believe about liberal values

Answer 56

That they would encourage selfish individualism

Question 57

What did count Gentolini do in 1913

Answer 57

Secretly asked liberal candidates to agree to 7 key points in return for Catholic vote

Question 58

Who replaced Cadorna and what was the result?

Answer 58

General Diaz = more cautious, casualty rates fell from 520,000 in 1917 to 143,000 in 1918