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History-Italy > The Liberal State 1911-18 > Flashcards

The Liberal State 1911-18 Flashcards

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1
Q

When was Italy fully unified?

A

1870

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2
Q

Campanilismo

A

A feeling of pride and belonging to their place of birth, which was much stronger than any sense of national identity

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3
Q

Risorgimento

A

‘Rebirth’ , the unification of Italy

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4
Q

Anarchism

A

The violent overthrow of state authority and control (the government, military and police)and the establishment of a self-governing order where people would be free to live in a society without government rule or laws

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5
Q

Roman Question

A

The split between the Italian state and the Catholic Church which refused to recognise the legitimacy of the unified nation.

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6
Q

What did the new pope Leo XII do in 1886

A

Formally forbade Catholics from running for office or voting in national elections

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7
Q

Trasformismo

A

Political manoeuvring caused by corruption, frequent changes in government and an inability to improve legalisation that might improve the lives of Italians

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8
Q

How many changes of prime minister were there between 1870 and 1922

A

29

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9
Q

Between 1901 and 1911, how many strikes were there and how many people were involved?

A

1,500 strikes involving 350,000 workers

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10
Q

What percentage of Italian men had the vote?

A

Less than 25%

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11
Q

When did an Italian prime minister visit the south

A

32 years after unification

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12
Q

What cities were involved in the industrial triangle?

A

Milan, Genoa, Turin

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13
Q

How many people died between 1910 and 1911 and what was the cause

A

25,000. Cholera outbreak

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14
Q

Irredentism

A

A movement stating that’s Italy’s successful unification in 1870 should continue until all Italian-speaking areas were incorporated into Italy

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15
Q

What was Giolitti’s main aim?

A

To make Italy strong and powerful by absorbing the political parties including the socialists, nationalists and the Catholic Church into his liberal government

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16
Q

When was the socialist party founded and what letters stand for it?

A

1892, PSI

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17
Q

Who led the PSI?

A

Filippo Turati

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18
Q

Examples of the socialist reforms?

A

Banning of the employment of children under the age of 12 (1901)
Limiting the working day for women to 11 hours (1902)
Introduction of the maternity fund (1910)

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19
Q

What did Giolitti say about the church in 1904

A

They were two parallel lines which should never meet

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20
Q

What did Giolitti do for the Catholics?

A

Allowed a divorce bill and promoted education

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21
Q

What did the nationalists believe in?

A

Being antisocialist and antiliberal, aggressive foreign policy that looked to expand Italy’s power in Africa was necessary

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22
Q

Who supported the nationalists?

A

The educated middle class

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23
Q

What letters stand for the nationalists?

A

ANI

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24
Q

What did Giolitti do for the nationalists and when?

A

Enter the war on Libya in 1911

25
Q

How many deputies were achieved in the 1913 election?

A

79

26
Q

Who did the war on Libya appease?

A

Nationalists and catholics

27
Q

When was the invasion of libya?

A

29th September 1911

28
Q

How many Italian deaths were there from the Libyan war?

A

3,500

29
Q

How did Giolitti extend the franchise in 1912?

A

All men who had completed military service and all men aged 30 regardless of literacy could vote

30
Q

How many deputies did the liberals win/lose in the 1909 election?

A

Won 318
Lost 71

31
Q

Anti-clericalism

A

Don’t want the church involved with politics

32
Q

Syndicalism

A

When workers seize control of the government or economy

33
Q

Liberalism

A

The rights of an individual, liberty, political equality, freedom of speech

34
Q

Who argued Italy should join the ww1

A

Antonio salandra

35
Q

What treaty did Italy sign and when and who were they joining

A

Treaty of London on 26th April 1915 on the side of the Triple Entente supporting Britain, France and Russia

36
Q

How many deputies announced their opposition to salandra’s decision

A

300

37
Q

When was salandra reinstated as prime minister

A

16 may

38
Q

When did Italy declare war on Austria

A

25 May 1915

39
Q

Which political party voted against Salandra’s emergency powers

A

PSI

40
Q

What did salandra hope for in the war?

A

A brief, offensive war with immediate territorial gains

41
Q

How many Italians died in 1915 during the attempted offences in Austria

A

62,000

42
Q

Problems the war created

A

-nearly 5 million men were conscripted into the army
-no one understood the same language

43
Q

Luigi Cadorna

A

commander of the Italian army from 1914-1917. Insisted on effective warfare=death of thousands of Italians. Refused to organise the army for defensive battles. He would shoot disobedient troops

44
Q

What was the strafexpedition

A

1916, a major offensive in the Trentine salient in order to open a path that would allow it to attack Verona and Bologna

45
Q

Who replaced Salandra after the defeat at Caporetto?

A

Paolo Boselli

46
Q

What did the defeat at caporetto reveal

A

The poor state of the army and significant anger and debate within Italy

47
Q

What were the consequences of the defeat of caporetto

A

10,000 Italians killed, 30,000 wounded, 300,000 taken prisoner, 400,000 soldiers simply vanished

48
Q

Socialist response to the war

A

Opposed it
Saw it as anti-Italian, unpatriotic and blamed the poor performance of Italy’s military.

49
Q

How many vehicles did Fiat produce in 1918

A

25,000

50
Q

Consequence on the economy after war

A

84.9 billion lire debt in June 1919

51
Q

What happened in august 1917?

A

50 workers killed protesting in Turin against bread shortages and the continuation of war

52
Q

What industries grew between 1899 and 1914

A

Iron, steel, mechanical, electrical, chemical, car (fiat)

53
Q

Meridionale

A

South Italy regions

54
Q

What did Italy’s foreign policy goals focus on

A

Irredentism, belief that italy should reclaim the areas of istria and the South Tyrol

55
Q

What was the PSI split into

A

Reformists (prepared to work with Giolitti) and maximalists (revolution and violent overthrow of state) E.g Mussolini

56
Q

What did the nationalists believe about liberal values

A

That they would encourage selfish individualism

57
Q

What did count Gentolini do in 1913

A

Secretly asked liberal candidates to agree to 7 key points in return for Catholic vote

58
Q

Who replaced Cadorna and what was the result?

A

General Diaz = more cautious, casualty rates fell from 520,000 in 1917 to 143,000 in 1918

History-Italy (5 decks)

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