Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

History-Italy > The Fascist State (1925-1940) > Flashcards

The Fascist State (1925-1940) Flashcards

1
Q

Avanguardia Giovanile Fascista (Fascist youth front)

A

December 1921, formed for boys aged 14-17

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gruppi Universitari Fascisti (GUF)

A

Formed in march 1923 followed by creation of Balilla for children aged 8 and 14

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Opera National Balilla (ONB)

A

Formed in April 1926, goal of providing ‘for the physical and moral benefit of youth’ through the education of boys between the ages of 8 and 18

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Organisations for girls

A

Figlie della Lupa (Daughters of the she wolf) 6-8
Piccole Italiane (Little Italians) 8-13
Giovane italiane (young italian women) 14-17

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When were anti fascist teachers removed from jobs

A

1920s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Littoriali

A

National student games involving cultural and debate competitions centred on fascist themes (1934-1940)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Opera Nazionale Dopolavoro (OND)

A

Provided workers with a considerable variety of social and sporting opportunities including bars, football teams, libraries and radios

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Benefits of OND

A

Rail ticket discounts
Consumer benefits
Holidays (mountain retreats, beaches) for virtually no cost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How many members did the OND have by 1939

A

4 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What could prefects do by 1926?

A

Confiscate whole editions of newspapers which were unfavourable to fascist regime
Shut down offending news papers = e.g Avanti!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Types of propaganda to promote fascism

A

Radio, newspapers, cinema, posters, sport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The cult of il Duce

A

Most powerful aspect of fascist propaganda propagated through posters, cinema news reels and radio broadcasts. Portrayed Mussolini as a leader of immense ability who was leading Italy to greatness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How was Mussolini portrayed in the cult of Il Duce

A

A modern, dynamic leader who was a brilliant sportsman and internationally respected statesman

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The National Institute of Fascist Culture

A

1926, artists and intellectuals organised into particular associations (fascist syndicate of artists led by Antonio Maraini.
Organised cultural events, free concerts and publications that would encourage mass Italian participation in fascist cultural propaganda

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What plays/movies reinforced cult of Il Duce

A

Napolean, Camillo benso Di Cavour, julius caesar = three patriotic leaders who audience were encouraged ti relate to Mussolini and reinforce cult of Il Duce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Confino

A

The Special Tribunals could send political dissidents into exile (usually in the south) for an unspecified amount of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When were the anti-Semitic decrees introduced

A

1937

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Anti-Semitic decrees 1938

A

Anti-Jewish legislation introduced that forbade Italian Jews from marrying ‘pure’ Italians , teaching jobs, owning more than 50 hectares of land, employing ‘pure’ Italians as servants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How many Jews left Italy from 1937-1940

A

6,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Totalitarian

A

Total control of the state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Reform of customs

A

An ideological campaign that forced all civil servants to wear uniforms and the army and militia to adopt the passo Romano or goose step which Mussolini witnessed in Germany and believed made the army look more imposing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What was the arm salute known as instead of shaking hands

A

Roman salute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What was ridiculed by people

A

Reform of customs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How long was Italy a constitutional monarchy for?

A

Until September 1943

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What did the fascist grand council do in December 1928?
Granted the constitutional right to limit the king’s power to nominate future prime ministers of Italy and to advise the king on any future royal succession
26
What did the fascist squads do in October 1925?
Murdered 8 liberals in Florence
27
What had happened to the PNF by 1929?
50,000-60,000 thrown out and 110,000 leaving voluntarily
28
When was Federzoni appointed minister of the interior?
17th June 1924
29
What did Mussolini’s first economic policy focus on?
Placating the large economic interest groups such as Fiat and Pirelli
30
Who benefited most from the PNF economic policies?
Italian businesses
31
What were the fascist syndicalists in favour of?
Policies that gained the support of the working classes
32
Palazzo Vidoni Pact
Industrialists recognised the fascist syndicalists as the only representative body for Italian workers and ensured the disillusion of the Catholic, socialist and communist trade unions which were now irrelevant institutions
33
Rocco law
April 1926, named after minister of justice Alfredo Rocco. Bans strikes and lockouts Would have no say in government policy
34
What was Mussolini’s first goal in his economic policy
To win over the powerful, established industrial elite of Italian society
35
Who was appointed minister of finance?
Alberto De’Stefani
36
What economic policy did De’Stefani favour? What did he do?
Little government interference and focused on reducing government spending in order to balance the budget He deregulated the economy and cut protective tariffs
37
What was the success of De’Stefani’s economic policy? What were the weaknesses?
From 1921 to 1924, Italy’s manufacturing production improved Italy achieved a budget surplus Made agricultural groups unhappy about reduction in tariffs, inflation problems, pressure on lira
38
Who replaced De’Stefani and when? What did this show
July 1925, Giuseppe Volpi. Marked a transition in fascist economic policy towards a more regulated, state-run economy. Had a greater personal influence from Mussolini
39
What was the lira artificially fixed at in December 1927?
19 to the American dollar and 92.46 to the British pound sterling
40
What was the consequence of changing the value of the lira?
Volpi and other economic experts believed it was too high so government had to introduce deflationary measures, massive price reductions, and cut worker’s wages
41
What were the corporations?
Mixed union of workers and employers who would discuss and implement national economic planning that was conducive to both their interests = better economy
42
Charter of Labour
1927, promised that these mixed corporations would organise Italy’s economy and guarantee workers’ rights in employment, social insurance and welfare
43
National Council of Corporations
A consultative body made up of employer and worker organisations representing seven large sectors of the Italian economy
44
What was the next economic law in 1934
Implemented mixed corporations representing 22 major economic sectors. Could allegedly fix the price of goods and rates of service, settle industrial disputes, regulate apprenticeships, advise government on economic issues and help produce a more productive economic system
45
Who was minister of corporations
Mussolini
46
What was the point in the corporate state?
Provided jobs for loyal fascists, excellent propaganda for Mussolini and showed he had overcome problems of class conflict, showed he constructed a “third way” between capitalism and communism that harmonised industrial relations and workers and employers work in sync towards the national interest
47
What did Italy do in response to the Depression?
5,000 km of railway was electrified Welfare also increased to ease difficulties of those who couldn’t get jobs Banks that loaned millions of lire to Italians were protected
48
Istituto Mobilaire Italiano
Provided credit to banks to ensure they wouldn’t collapse
49
Istituto di Ricostruzione Industriale
Government bought up shares in banking, industry and commerce to help prop up Italian economy and ensure that these companies did not go bankrupt and collapse. Provided education on new management techniques Gave financial and technical assistance to support the growth of these Italian industries which were now state owned
50
Cartelisation
Fascist government assisted large businesses to take over small companies with certain sections of the economy = less competition in Italian economy
51
Autarky
Quest for economic self-sufficiency in Italy
52
What drove autarky
-general decline in Italian overseas trade due to overvalued lira and Great Depression -sanctions placed on Italy in 1936 in a response to the militaristic actions in Africa -preparation for war (more prominent in 1930s)
53
When was the lira devalued
October 1936
54
What was the aim of the battle for births and when?
1927, aimed at encouraging Italians to increase the size of their families so that by the 1950s, Italy would have a population of at least 60 million = military strengthened, competition for employment so low wages, increase number of consumers
55
What was given to employed men in 1928?
Tax concessions if they were a family of 7 or more
56
What was the bachelor’s tax?
Ensured that single men took on more of a financial burden in comparison to married men with families. Fathers of large families given better career opportunities with promotions and employment in government jobs.
57
What was banned for women?
All forms of birth control
58
Battle for Grain
1925, an agricultural policy that was linked to autarky and aimed at making Italy self-sufficient in grain
59
What happened in the battle for grain
A huge propaganda campaign was launched to free Italy from the ‘slavery of foreign bread’
60
Ruralism and the battle for births
Th decline in Italy’s birth rates was closely related to industrial urbanisation and modern city life and it maintain traditional values and boost population, Italy had to protect peasant population and its agricultural industry. Draining of marshes reduced malaria by around 50%
61
‘Empty the cities’ campaign
1928, prevented internal migration from Italy’s rural areas to the cities
62
Bonifica integrale
Encouraged peasants to stay in rural areas, a massive land reclamation and improvement scheme was launched
63
What did the battle for lira do?
Cause serious deflation and hampered Italy’s export industries
64
Anti-clericalism
Don’t want the church involved in politics
65
Who was angered by Mussolini’s attitudes to the church
Futurists
66
Freemasonry
Worldwide organisation made up of secretive clubs, known as lodges, which initiate new members through a series of secret rituals
67
Concordat
Any agreement made between Catholic Church and the government of a sovereign state
68
Key aspects of the Lateran pacts
-solution to territorial problems with the pope and Rome = providing 44 hectares of land -financial convention = pope have 750 million lire and 1,000 million in Italian state bonds -Catholicism recognised as the sole religion of Italy -Catholic youth groups allowed to continue as long as they did not carry out any political activities
69
Plebiscite
Direct vote where entire population vote on a particular proposal that may lead to any amendment in the constitution. March 1929 = asked Italians whether they supported the Lateran pacts
70
Why was there tension between church and the state
Youth organisations Anti-Semitic decrees

History-Italy (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions