THE LEG AND THE FOOT Flashcards
what can you see from the surface anatomy of the leg?
tibial tuberosity
subcutaneous tibial shaft
lateral and medial malleolus
hallux
what is the sural nerve?
S1 S2
a peripheral nerve that arises in the posterior compartment of the leg formed by the union of two smaller sensory nerves: the medial sural cutaneous nerve and lateral sural cutaneous nerve
what does the sural nerve run alongside?
the short saphenous vein
what is the medial sural cutaneous nerve a branch of?
tibial nerve
what is the lateral sural cutaneous nerve a branch of?
the common fibular nerve
what does the sural nerve become in the foot?
the lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve
lateral calcaneal branch of sural nerve
what does the sural nerve innervate?
the skin over the posterolateral aspect of the distal third of the leg.
what does the lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve innervate?
the lateral side of the dorsum of the foot. This nerve ends as a dorsal digital nerve
what does the dorsal digital nerve innervate?
for the sensory supply of the lateral aspect of the fifth toe.
what does the lateral calcaneal branch of the sural nerve innervate?
the skin over the lateral portion of the heel.
how are the tibia and fibula connected?
by interosseous membrane
outline the bony structure of the foot
3 phalanges on each toe (big toe has 2)
5 metatarsals
7 tarsal bones
what are the 7 tarsal bones?
navicular medial, intermediate and lateral cuneiforms cuboid talus calcaneus
outline the retinaculum of the foot?
theres superior extensor (over ankle) and inferior externsor retinaculum (over foot)
there is inferior fibular retinaculum and superior fibular retinaculum
whats the function of the superior extensor retinaculum?
binds down the tendons of extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, fibularis tertius, and tibialis anterior as they descend on the front of the tibia and fibula;
what does the inferior extensor retinaculum look like? and what is its function?
Y shaped
stabilises all tendons of foot
what does the superior and inferior fibular retinaculum do?
They house the tendons of fibularis longus and brevis as they pass through the lateral aspect of the ankle joint posterior to the lateral malleolus
how can you check for a ruptured calcaneal tendon?
get the patient to lie face down on the bed and hang their feet over the edfe - if their foot drops straight down, at a right angle to the leg then it is most likely ruptured
what does the tarsal tunnel contain?
describe from medial to lateral
tendon of posterior tibialis tendon of flexor digitorum longus posterior tibial artery tibial nerve vein tendon of flecor hallucis longus
Tom Dick ANd Harry
outline the deep venous circulation of the leg?
dorsal venous arch gives off anterior tibial vein.
On the plantar aspect of the foot, medial and lateral plantar veins arise ans combine to form the posterior tibial and fibular veins. The posterior tibial vein enters the leg posterior to the medial malleolus
On the posterior surface of the knee the anterior tibial, posterior tibial and fibular veins unite to form the popliteal vein
out line the deep venous circulation of the thigh?
popliteal vein enters the thigh through adductor canal and becomes femoral vein. We also have the profunda femoris veinwhich drains blood from thigh muscles via perforating branches. The femoral vein leaves the thigh by running underneath the inguinal ligament to form the exteral iliac vein
what is the deep venous drainage of the gluteal region?
inferior and superior gluteal veins which empty into the internal iliac vein
wat are the 2 major superficial veins of the lower limb?
the great saphenous vein and the small saphenous vein
outline the pathway of the great saphenous vein
its formed by the dorsal venous arch of the foot and the dorsal vein of the great toe
it ascends up the medial side of the leg, passing anteriorly to the medial malleolus and posterior to medial condyle of knee
it recieves tributaries from other small superficial veins and then terminates by draining into the femoral vein immediately inferior to the inguinal ligament
