The Learning Perspective

Question 1

Classical conditioning (CC), Two requirements you need

Answer 1

1. must already respond to a stimuli reflexively
2. Response in reflex must become associated in time and place with another conditioned stimulus

Question 2

elements

Answer 2

unconditioned stimulus (US), food
unconditioned response(UCR), Saliva
conditioned stimulus (CS), bell
Conditioned response(CR), Saliva

Question 3

Extinction

Answer 3

conditioned response grows weaker when the conditioned stimulus is coming but without the unconditioned stimulus.

Question 4

spontaneous recovery

Answer 4

the conditioned response comes back the next day because it’s recorded in ur nervous system

Question 5

Generalization

Answer 5

you respond the same way to an similar but not identical stimulus

Question 6

Discrimination

Answer 6

not responding the same to a similar stimulus, responding differently

Question 7

Emotional conditioning (EC)

Answer 7

associating emotions with conditional responses. (her example as a rape therapist)

Question 8

phobias

Answer 8

intense irrational fears when exposed to a stimuli, when the stimuli is bad enough it can turn into a phobia

Question 9

Undoing EC (phobias)

Answer 9

Systematic desensitization:
-creating a hierarchy or list of anxieties
- working through the hierarchy whilst maintaining relation techniques breathing, music etc.
-starting with the least scary and slowly moving to scarier parts of the hierarchy systematically

Exposure therapy:
-opposite to systematic desensitization, you don’t work up to it. You confront the fear directly.
-this leads to extension as the patient will see that their is no harm tied to their fear the more they are exposed to it

Question 10

Instrumental/Operant conditioning (IC)

Answer 10

The ACTIVE form of conditioning where you are getting actively rewarded or punished for doing something

Question 11

Law of effect

Answer 11

when do take an action the effect of taking it will lead to whether or not you will do that action again in the future

Question 12

Reinforcement vs. punishment
positive vs. negative

Answer 12

something good vs something bad
giving vs taking away

positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
positive punishment
negative punishment

Question 13

Social and cognitive variations

Answer 13

Social reinforcement- reinforcements within social interactions that we have
Self-reinforcement- self reward
Outcome expectancies- an evaluation of the likelihood a behavior will lead to a desired outcome
Efficacy expectancy- perceived ability to carry out a desired action and the confidence you can do something effectively

Question 14

Problems and prospects for this perspective

Answer 14

-Very oversimplified
-lab setting research is not generalizable
-Only focused on observable events