The Learning Approach: Behaviourism

Question 1

Who discovered classical conditioning

Answer 1

Ivan Pavlov in 1927

Question 2

What happened in Pavlovs original experiment

Answer 2

He presented a bell (NS) with food (UCS) which led to an UCR of salivation this was to produce the same response as the UCS when the NS is presented creating a CR

Question 3

What did Pavlov find out about timing

Answer 3

The NS must be used quickly after the UCS if not then conditioning doesn’t take place

Question 4

What did Pavlov find out about extinction

Answer 4

After a few presentations of the CS in the absence of the UCS it loses its ability to produce the conditioned response

Question 5

What did Pavlov find out about spontaneous recovery

Answer 5

When the CS and UCS are paired again, it will take less time to make the link between them again

Question 6

What did Pavlov find out about stimulus generalisation

Answer 6

Sounds related to the bell were considered to have the same CR to the animals

Question 7

Who discovered operant conditioning

Answer 7

Skinner

Question 8

What is positive reinforcement

Answer 8

Receiving an award when a certain behaviour is performed

Question 9

What is negative reinforcement

Answer 9

Taking away something bad e.g. taking medicine to get rid of a headache

Question 10

What is punishment

Answer 10

An unpleasant consequence of behaviour