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C1: Facial Anatomy for Medical Aesthetics > The Layers of the Anatomy > Flashcards

The Layers of the Anatomy Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 5 layers of the anatomy?

A
  1. Skin
  2. Subcutaneous tissue
  3. Subcutaneous Musculoaponeurotic System
  4. Retaining ligaments
  5. Periosteum
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2
Q

Describe the Epidermis:

A
  • Outermost layer
  • Protective barrier
  • Consists of keratinocytes
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3
Q

How are keratinocytes produced and where?

A
  • By the mitosis of stem cells in the stratum basale and in the deepest layer of the stratum spinosum
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4
Q

How long does the process of new skin development to flaking off take?

A

30-40 days

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5
Q

What are the 5 identified layers of the epidermis?

A
  1. Stratum Corneum
  2. Stratum Lucidum
  3. Stratum Granulosum
  4. Stratum Spinosum
  5. Stratum Basale
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6
Q

Stratum Corneum

A
  • Top layer of dermis
  • Dead, scaly, keratinized cells (durable layer)
  • Resistent
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7
Q

Stratum Lucidum

A
  • Thin layer (only in thick skin)
  • Keratinocytes do nothave nuclei or other organelles
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8
Q

Stratum Granulosum

A
  • Keratinocytes have coarse granules
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9
Q

Stratum Spinosum

A
  • Deepest cells are capable of mitosis
  • Cells pushed upward are flat and can not
  • Contains Langerhan cells
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10
Q

Stratum Basale

A
  • Single layer of cuboidal to low columnar stem cells and keratinocytes
  • Cells divide and push formed cells into higher layers
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11
Q

What is the second layer of the skin caller?

A

Dermis

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12
Q

What 3 substances makes up the dermis?

A
  1. Collagen
  2. Elastin fibers
  3. Hyaluronic acid
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13
Q

What does collagen provide?

A
  • Tensile strength to the dermis
  • Forms a framework
  • Allows new cells to grow
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14
Q

What is the % of collagen and elastic fibers in healthy skin?

A

80% collagen

4% elastic fiber mesh network

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15
Q

What is Hyaluronic acid?

A

Polysaccharide

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16
Q

What does hyaluronic acid do?

A

Attracts water

17
Q

Why is water an essential part of a person’s dermis?

A

It keeps the skin plump and moisturized

18
Q

What are the 2 layers of the dermis?

A
  1. Papillary
  2. Reticular layers
19
Q

Describe the papillary layer?

A
  • Upper layer
  • Thin arrangement of collagen fibers
  • 1/5th of the dermis
20
Q

Describe the reticular layer

A
  • Lower layer
  • Thicker
  • Made of thick collagen fibers that are arranged parallel to the surface
21
Q

Where are dermal fillers normally injected?

A

Lower 4ths of the dermis

22
Q

What are 6 specialized cells and structures are contained in the dermis?

A
  • Hair follicles with the erector pili
  • Sebaceous glands
  • Apocrine glands
  • Eccrine glands
  • Blood vessels
  • Nerves
23
Q

What are the nerves in the dermis responsible for?

A

Transmitting sensations of pain, itch, and temperature

24
Q

Describe the subcutaneous tissue

A
  • Layer of fat and connective tissue
  • Houses larger blood vessels and nerves
  • Attaches to dermis by the collagenous and elasticfibers
25
Q

What is this layer important for?

A

Temperature regulation

26
Q

What isSMAS?

A

Superficial Musculoaponeurotic System (SMAS)

27
Q

What does SMAS contain?

A
  • Intrinsic muscles od the cheek that have extensive attachment to the soft tissues when they move
28
Q

What happens when the SMAS approaches a mimetic muscle?

(orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris or zygomatic muscle)

A
  • Splits into a superficial and deep layer to surround the muscle
  • Transverses the face until it reaches anouth mimetic muscle
29
Q

In the neck, what is the SMAS known as?

A

Platysmal fascia

30
Q

In the cephalad, what is the SMAS known as?

A

Superficial temporal fascia

31
Q

When the SMAScrosses thetemporal fusion line and enters the forehead, what is it known as?

A

Galea aponeurotica

32
Q

What are retaining ligaments?

A
  • Strong and deep fibrous attachments thatoriginate from the periosteum ordeep facial fascia
  • Travel perpendicularilythrough facial layers to insert on to the dermis
33
Q

What do retaining ligaments act as when they retain and stabilize the skin and the superficial fascia (SMAS) to the underlying deep fascia and facial skeleton?

A

Anchor points

34
Q

What is the periosteum?

A

A membrane that covers the outer surface of the bones

35
Q

What is inside the cellular layer of the periosteum?

A

Osteogenic layer that attaches the periosteum to the bone (perforating fibers)

36
Q
A

C1: Facial Anatomy for Medical Aesthetics (14 decks)

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