Muscles of the Upper Face

Question 1

What makes facial muscles different from other skeletal muscles?

Answer 1

Attach to other muscles or to the skin

Question 2

What is the function of the frontalis muscle?

Answer 2

Elevates eyebrows centrally

Question 3

What is the origin of the frontalis muscle?

Answer 3

Epicranium of the aponeurosis (at the hairline)

Question 4

What are the four insertion point of the Frontalis Muscle?

Answer 4

• Fibers of the procerus
• Corrugator
• Depressor supercilii
• Obicularis oculi

Question 5

What is the direction of themuscle fibers in the Frontalis Muscle?

Answer 5

Vertical

Question 6

Where does the Frontalis Muscle terminate?

Answer 6

Temporal fusion line (over the temporalis muscle)

Question 7

Is the Frontalis Muscle an elevating muscle?

Answer 7

Yes!

Question 8

What may result after treating a functional frontalis?

Answer 8

Brow ptosis

Question 9

What is the origin, insertion, an function of the frontalis?

Answer 9

Origin: _Galea aponeurotic_a along the cornal suture

Insertion: Dermis at the level of the eyebrows, intertwine with fibers of the procerus, corrugators and orbicularis oculi

Function: The only elevator of the eyebrows, superficial plane

Question 10

What 3 muscles are included in the Glabellar Complex?

Answer 10

1. Procerus
2. Corrugator supercilii
3. Depressorsujpercilii

Question 11

What is the origin, insertion, and function of the corrugator supercilli

Answer 11

Origin: Medial supraorbital ridge of the frontal bone

Insets: Medial eyebrow skin

Function: Medial brow depression

Question 12

Where does the supratrochlear neurovascular bundle exit through?

Answer 12

Corrugator supercilii!

* supplies sernsation and vascularity to the central forehead

Question 13

What is the origin, insertion, and function of the Depressor supercilii?

Answer 13

Origin: nasal portion of the frontal bone- 1cm above the medial canthal ligament

Insertion: Dermis beneth the medial head of the eyebrow

Function: Moving and depressing the eyebrow (deep plane)

Question 14

Contraction of the glabellar complex ientifies which 3 creases?

Answer 14

1. Midline
2. Corrugator
3. Supraorbital

Question 15

Where is the supratrochlear artery situated?

Answer 15

Corrugator crease

Question 16

Where is the supraorbital artery situated?

Answer 16

Supraorbital crease

Question 17

What does contraction of the orbicularis oculi muscle do?

Answer 17

• Depresses the frontalis downward

Question 18

What does relaxation of the orbicularis oculi muscle do?

Answer 18

• Decreases the downward pull so the eyebrows can be reshaped and lifted

Question 19

When lifting the eyebrows and preserving the frontalis, what should be considered?

Answer 19

• The injection site should be along the orbital rim affecting the depressive action of the orbicularis oculi
• 1-1.5 cm above the orbital rim

Question 20

What is the “Snap Test”?

Answer 20

• Performed by pinching the lower eyelid to see how quickly it snaps back against the globe
• Determines the function of the pretarsal orbicularis oculi muscle
• Delayed snap test = neurotoxin treatment may result in an ectropin (muscle weakens and causes the lower eyelid to turn outward)

Question 21

Where and why should the neurotoxin for crow’s feet be placed?

Answer 21

• Outside the orbital rim
• If injected too close to the orbital rim, it may affect the lateral rectus muscle (blurred vision or diplopia)

Question 22

What is the origin, insertion, and function of the temporalis muscle?

Answer 22

Origin: temporal lines on the parietal bone of the skull and the superior temporal surface of the sphenoid bone

Insertion: coronoid process of the mandible

Function: broad, fan-shaped muscle on each side of the head that fills the temporal fossa. Elevates and retracts the mandible

Question 23

What is the origin, insertion, and function of the procerus?

Answer 23

Origin: periosteum of the nasal bone

Insertion: glabellar or midforehead dermis (the fibers are intertwined with the dermis)

Function: draws the medial aspect of the eyebrows down, producing transverse lines across the nasal bridge (deep superficial plane)

Question 24

What is the origin, insertion, and function of the corrugator supercilli?

Answer 24

Origin: medial supraorbital ridge of the frontal bone

Insertion: a gradual interdigitating with the frontal muscle and inserting in the skin in the region of the midbrow

Function: adducts and slightly depresses the eyebrows (deep plane medially and becomes superficial as it extends laterally)

Question 25

What is the origin, insertion, and function of the orbicularis oculi?

Answer 25

Origin: medial orbital margin, medial palpebral ligament; lacrimal bone

Insertion: pre-septal segment-spread over the dermis of the upper eyelid and brow

Function: medial and lateral brow depressor (superficial plane)