The Larynx: Laryngeal Paralysis, Masses and Trauma Flashcards
How to find the muscular process of the arytenoid?
The wing of the thyroid cartilage; the process being medial to the caudal half of the thyroid.
Laryngeal compromise in dogs usually results in what sound?
Stridor
Larygneal compromise signs?
Stridor
Excessive pant
Why is laryngeal dx difficult to diagnose in cats?
No obvious clinical signs until the disease is quite progressed
Clinical signs of laryngeal dx in cats? (4)
Exercise intolerance,
dyspnoea
abdominal effort
mouth breathing
Laryngeal Paralysis breed?
Large
Laryngeal Paralysis, sex?
Male
Acquired idiopathic laryngeal paralysis is most common in:
A) Age?
B) Breeds? (3)
A) Middle - Older
B) Labrador Retrievers, Afghan Hounds, and Irish Setters
Laryngeal paralysis should be suspected in young (< 1 year old) what breeds with upper respiratory obstruction. (5)
Bouviers,
Siberian Huskies,
Bull Terriers,
Dalmatians, Rottweilers
white GSD
4 possible pathophysiological causes of laryngeal paralysis?
Idiopathic
Trauma
Disease
Iatrogenic (surgery)
When is laryngeal paralysis often asymptomatic?
Unilateral dx
What dx may cause laryneal paralysis?(5)
polyneuropathy,
myopathy,
Chagas’ disease,
hypothyroidism
neoplasia-mediastinal mass
What surgery can cause laryngeal paralysis? (2)
collapsed trachea
thyroidectomy
What about the history make make you suspect laryngeal paralysis? (9)
stridor,
voice change
exercise intolerance. dyspnoea,
cyanosis,
coughing,
gagging,
vomiting,
restlessness and anxiety.
What may exacerbate sings of larygneal paralysis? (4)
Obesity,
exercise,
excitement,
high ambient temperatures
Laryngeal paralysis occurs in approximately how many of dogs with tracheal collapse.
one third
All animals with laryngeal paralysis are at increased risk of what 2ry condition?
aspiration pneumonia
Early sign of laryngeal paralysis in cats?
Change of purr
Which are the longest nerves in the body which may be affected in cases of polyneuropathy? (2)
The sciatic and recurrent laryngeal nerves
Patients with acquired laryngeal paralysis may have other ? signs
neurological
Diagnostic techniques for laryngeal paralysis?
Laryngoscopy
Lateral cervical and thoracic radiographs or CT
Laboratory findings
What anaesthetic is good for laryngoscopy?
alfaxalan, propofol and diazepam plus ketamin
How to know if plane of anaesthetic is light enough for larygnoscopy?
Ideally the plane of anaesthesia should be so light that the animal is pulling back on the tongue or swallowing
In questionable cases what can be given to stimulate laryngeal motion
doxopram (1 mg/kg IV