The Language Of Reasoning Flashcards
What is a conclusion?
The thing the argument is trying to persuade you to accept.
What is an argument?
A piece of writing or speech that tries to get you to accept something.
What is the role of a reason?
To back up the conclusion. Aim to persuade you to accept the conclusion.
What’s an assertion?
A statement that isn’t backed up by any reasons.
Give 5 reason indicators.
Because Since As Due to For
Give 6 conclusion indicators.
Therefore Thus So Consequently Should Which is why
What are counter assertions and counter arguments?
Parts of the argument which oppose the main conclusion.
What is the difference between a counter assertion and a counter argument?
A counter argument is a whole argument (reasons and conclusion) whereas a counter assertion is just a statement without and supporting reasons.
What is a hypothetical reason?
An argument that makes a claim that predicts what might happen as a result of someone else.
What is an assumption?
An unstated reason that is needed for the argument to make sense.
What is the purpose of evidence in an argument?
To support the arguments reasons- makes them more convincing
Give 3 different types of research that might be included as evidence and give an example of each one
PERSONAL OBSERVATION: I see that…
STATEMENT FROM A SOURCE OR WITNESS: professor from…
DATA FROM A SURVEY: in a survey of…
ESTIMATES: recent estimates based on…
Wha are examples?
Illustrate reasons with a description of a real situation where they’re true- specific
What is conflation?
When the person arguing uses 2 words as if they mean the same thing, when they actually don’t.
What is inconsistent reasoning?
When 2 reasons can’t be true at the same time.
