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History > The Korean War (1950-53) > Flashcards

The Korean War (1950-53) Flashcards

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1
Q

Was the USSR capitalist or communist?

A

Communist

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2
Q

Identify two values that the

communist USSR believed in.

A
  1. One-party state

2. State (government) control over the economy and the distribution sharing of wealth

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3
Q

How would you describe relations between the USA and USSR during the Cold War?

A

l. Extremely tense
2. Hostile
3. Competitive

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4
Q

What was the Truman Doctrine, announced by America in 1947?

A

America’s policy of “containment” — preventing the spread of communism.

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5
Q

How did America try to prevent the spread of communism?

A

It gave countries financial aid(e.g. the marshall plan In 1948 daw $13 billion given to countries in Europe and $2 billion was given to Nationalists in China)

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6
Q

Which country in Asia became communist in 1949?

A

China

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7
Q

What was the “domino theory” which was believed in America?

A

The belief that if one country turns communist, other countries nearby will also fall to communism

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8
Q

What fear had arisen in America in the late-1940s / early-1950s?

A

The Red Scare — the fear of communism spreading to America.

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9
Q

What happened to North Korea after the Second World War?

A

It became a communist country and introduced a Soviet-style one- party system of government

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10
Q

Who was the leader of North Korea after the Second World War?

A

Supreme Leader Kim II Sung

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11
Q

What happened to South Korea after the Second World War?

A

The country was anti-Communist. Even though it was not very democratic, it won the support of the Americans.

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12
Q

Who was the leader of South Korea after the Second World war?

A

President Syngman Rhee

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13
Q

What was the name of the border between North and South Korea?

A

The 38th parallel

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14
Q

What was expected to take place in Korea in the year 1948?

A

Elections to re-unite the country

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15
Q

Did elections take place in Korea in 1948, as planned? If not, what happened instead?

A

No.
Instead, President Syngman Rhee held and won elections in South Korea in 1948, while Kim II Sung announced North Korea was a separate and independent communist Republic.

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16
Q

When was the Korean War?

A

June 1950- July 1953

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17
Q

Describe North Korea’s aims in the Korean War 1950-1953 .

A

l. To successfully take over the territory of South Korea.

2. To unite Korea as a communist count

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18
Q 
Describe America's aims in the 
Korean War (1950-1953).
A

l. To halt / “contain” the spread of communism in Korea and elsewhere in Asia.
2. For President Truman and government to win the support of the American people.

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19
Q

Describe China’s aims in the Korean

War (1950-1953).

A

I. To establish their international status and military strength.
2. To aid the spread of communism

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20
Q

When did the North Korean People’s Arm invade South Korea?

A

June 1950

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21
Q

How many North Korean soldiers invaded South Korea in June 1950?

A

75,000 soldiers

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22
Q

From June to September 1950, how much territory did the North Korean People’s Arm occur in the South?

A

They had taken over nearly the entire territory of South Korea, with the exception of an area in the southeast region of the country.

23
Q

How did America respond to the invasion of South Korea? (Give two responses)

A

l. They immediately sent advisers, supplies and warships to the waters around Korea.

24
Q

How did America respond to the invasion of South Korea? (Give two responses)

A

l. They immediately sent advisers, supplies and warships to the waters around Korea.
2. They put pressure on the United Nations Security Council to condemn the actions of North Korea and to ask them to withdraw
their troops.

25
Q

What is the United Nations (UN), and when was it set up?

A

An international organisation that aims to prevent war and promote international co-operation. It was set up after the Second World War
in 1945.

26
Q

Why did the USSR veto (block), the UN vote to intervene in Korea?

A

The USSR was boycotting the UN at the time. This was because America had stopped China’s entry to the United Nations and did not recognize Mao Zedong and the Communists as the rightful leaders of China.

27
Q

What the UN agree to do in

Korea?

A

They agreed to help South Korea militarily by forcing North Korea out of the South, to restore international peace and to protect the region.

28
Q

Who was commander / leader of the UN force sent to Korea?

A

General MacArthur

29
Q

When did the UN troops arrive in Korea?

A

September 1950

30
Q

How successful was the UN
involvement in Korea from
September 1950 to October 1950?

A

Highly successful — the UN forces and South Korean troops drove the North Korean People’s Army back beyond the 38th parallel to the Yalu river on the Chinese border

31
Q

How did America’s / the UN’s policy in Korea change during the Korean War?

A

It changed from the policy of “containment” (pushing the North Korean army back over the 38th parallel) to one of “roll back”.

32
Q

When did China enter the Korean War?

A

October 1950

33
Q

Why did China enter the Korean War in October 1950?

A

The UN forces had forced the North Korean army to the Chinese border.

34
Q

How did the Soviet Union support China and North Korea during the war?

A

They provided military advice and equipment. such as modern tanks and planes.

35
Q

How successful were China’s

“People’s Volunteers” (the army) from October 1950 and January 1951?

A

Very successful — the United Nations troops were pushed back beyond the 38th parallel into South Korea.

36
Q

How would you describe the Korean War between 1951 and 1953?

A

It was at a stalemate (standstill) on the 38th parallel — neither side forced the other beyond the border.

37
Q

Why was General MacArthur sacked in 1951?

A

MacArthur wanted to carry on the war and follow a more aggressive policy (including invading China and using nuclear weapons).
President Truman disagreed and did not want to risk entering a war with China and the USSR.
MacArthur did not follow instructions and openly threatened war with China in March 1951.
He was subsequently removed from his position as commander.

38
Q

When did peace talks between the North and South be in?

A

June 1951

39
Q

Why did peace talks fail between

North and South in 1951 ?

A

The countries disagreed over an exchange of prisoners, and fighting continued.

40
Q

Who was elected President of the LISA in 1952, and why did this help to end the war?

A

Dwight D. Eisenhower.

He was committed to end the war in Korea.

41
Q

Who died in March 1953, and why did this help to end the war?

A 
Josef Stalin (leader of the USSR) 
After this, China and North Korea were not confident that the USSR would continue to support the war.
42
Q

When was the armistice (agreement to end the war) finally signed?

A

July 1953

43
Q

How many Korean casualties were there during the war?

A

1.3 million (almost equal numbers from the North and the South).

44
Q

What other negative effects did the war have on Korea?

A

Industry and agriculture was in ruin, and millions of civilians were forced to flee their homes.

45
Q

How many American soldiers died during the war?

A

33,000 soldiers

46
Q

How many Chinese casualties were

there during the war?

A

Over half a million

47
Q

What happened to relations
between the US and USSR after the
war?

A

There was further tension and competition. The USSR committed themselves further in the expensive nuclear arms race with America.

48
Q

Did America meet its aims during the Korean War so making it a success?

A

Yes – South Korea remained an independent country, and communism had been successful contained.
No—North Korea remained communist “roll back” had failed

49
Q

Did China meet its aims during the Korean War so making it a success?

A

Yes – China established its international reputation as a strong, military power in the world. North Korea remained communist and a “buffer state” protecting China’s borders.
No – China’s involvement in the war had not succeeded in turning South Korea into a Communist count

50
Q

Did the USSR meet its aims during the Korean war so making it a success?

A

Yes — The USSR had provided military support (short of troops), ensuring that North Korea remained a Communist country.
No – North Korea did not successfully take over the South, and communism had not spread.

51
Q

Did North Korea meet its aims during the Korean War so making it a success?

A

No — They failed to take over South Korea and create a united, communist Korea.

52
Q

Did South Korea meet its aims during the Korean War so making it a success?

A

Yes — The country remained independent and free from communist control.

53
Q

Did the United Nations meet its aims during the Korean War so making it a success?

A

Yes - The organisation had taken quick and direct action, and prevented the takeover of South Korea. Its effectiveness was also clear, as 18 nations had worked together during the war to provide troops or support to the UN.

History (6 decks)

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