The Knee Joint

Question 1

articulations for knee joint

Answer 1

2 femerotibial - medial and lateral

1 femeropatellar

Question 2

what is the effect of hip extension on knee flexion?

Answer 2

limited knee flexion when extended due to loss of tension of hamstrings

Question 3

requirements for rotation of knee:

Answer 3

knee is flexed and collateral ligaments are relaxed

Question 4

what happens to the joint when approaching full extension

Answer 4

undergoes few degrees of medial rotation on the tibia

locks knee

Question 5

how is the knee unlocked?

Answer 5

popliteus muscle which laterally rotates the femur

Question 6

what is more stable knee movement?

Answer 6

extension as the surface of the tibial condyls is flat = tibial plateau

Question 7

functions of menisci

Answer 7

increased joint congruency
distribute weight evenly shock absorption
assist locking mechanism

Question 8

medial meniscus is attached to

Answer 8

the tibial collateral ligament

Question 9

types meniscal tears

Answer 9

vertical
transverse
peripheral
bucket-handle
parrot-beak
flap

Question 10

ligaments inside the joint are called

e.g.

Answer 10

intra-articular

ant. + post. cruciate ligaments

Question 11

ligaments outside the joint are called

e.g.

Answer 11

extra-articular

fibular + tibial collateral

Question 12

posterior cruciate ligament features

Answer 12

post. intercondylar region of the tibia

travels superolaterally to medial femoral condyle

Question 13

ant. cruciate ligament features

Answer 13

attaches to ant. intercondylar region of the tibia

travels supero-posteriorly to attach to the lateral femoral condyle

Question 14

function of posterior cruciate

Answer 14

post - stops post displacement

prevents hyperflexion

Question 15

how to damage post. cruciate ligament

Answer 15

damage when landing on tibial tuberosity when knee is flexed

Question 16

function of anterior cruciate

Answer 16

prevents ant. displacement of tibia of femur

prevents hyperextension

Question 17

to injure ant. cruciate ligament

Answer 17

occurs when knee is hyperextended and force is applied anteriorly

Question 18

what does tibial collateral prevent

Answer 18

abduction of the leg at the knee

Question 19

what does fibular collateral prevent

Answer 19

adduction of the leg at the knee

Question 20

what causes the unhappy triad?

Answer 20

excessive lateral twisting of flexed knee
or
blow to lateral side of extended knee

Question 21

what ligaments are damaged?

Answer 21

tears tibial collateral ligament which is attached to the medial meniscus, which then also tears

ACL may also tear as it is taught due to flexion

Question 22

muscles of knee

Answer 22

quadriceps
hamstrings (post thigh)
sartorius
gracilis
iliotibial tract

Question 23

where are the bursae?

Answer 23

Prepatellar bursa - in front of patella
Deep and superficial infrapatellar bursa - below patella
Suprapatellar bursa - behind patella in front of femur

Question 24

What muscles pull superolaterally?

Answer 24

Rectus femoris
Vastus intermedius
Vastus lateralis

Question 25

What muscles pull horizontally?

Answer 25

Pull of vastus medialis

Question 26

why is dislocation more common in females?

Answer 26

pull of vastus lateralis is wider and more shallow because angle of femur (Q) in females is more oblique due to wider pelvis

Question 27

Genu varum

Answer 27

Bow leg

Tibia adducted with respect to femur

Question 28

Gene valgum

Answer 28

Knock knee

Tibia abducted with respect to femur