the kidney Flashcards
Label the cross section of a kidney
booklet page 1
draw and label the nephron of the kidney
booklet page 2
what is the overall role of the kidney
remove urea, remove excess, regulate waster potential, hormone production
Role of bowmans capsule
blood from capillaries in the glomerulus is stored in the bowmans capsule
what substances are pushed out of capillary endothelial cells in the lumen of the bowmans capsule
urea, water, inorganic ions, and amino acids
how are substances pushed out of the bowmans capsule
Due to high hydrostatic pressure
what is the maximum size of molecule that can pass through the bowmans capsule
69,000RMM
where are endothelial cells in the bowmans capsule
in the basement membrane (mesh of collagen fibres and glycoproteins)
What do epithelial cells do
prevent large proteins/ blood cells leaving
what do podocytes have
large projections to allow fluid from capsule to enter PCT
What happens to blood in the proximal convoluted tubule
blood is constantly moving so removing glucose/ amino acids and maintaining concentration gradients
What happens to sodium ions in the PCT?
Sodium ions are actively transported out of the cells into tissue fluid, lowering the concentration of sodium ions inside the cell
What happens to glucose amino acids in the pct
Glucose or amino acids enter the cells with sodium ions via facilitated diffusion
- lowers the water potential
- through co transporter proteins
what happens to glucose concentration in the blood after glucose and amino acids diffuse into the blood capillary
increases the glucose concentration.
What happens to water in the pct
moves into the cell via osmosis and into the epithelial tissue also via osmosis
What happens to sodium, glucose, and amino acids in the pct
moves into the pct via facillitated diffusion and glucose and sodium move into the blood plasma also by facillitated diffusion
is selective reabsorbsion an active process
yes
What does the ATP do in the pct
actively moves sodium out of the epithelium and potassium can now move into the cell.
What happens at the pct?
- Active process of selective reabsorbsion occurs in the pct
- ATP is used to pump sodium ions out of the epithelial cells lining in the tubule
- this creates a gradient that allows the facillitated diffusion of amino acids and glucose along the sodium ions through special co- transporter proteins in the cell membrane
- Movement of glucose and amino acidsinto the cell lowers the water potential of the cell resulting in the movement of water into the cell via osmosis.
What substances enter bowmans capsule?
water, RBC, glucose, urea, ions, amino acids, proteins
What substances are reabsorbed in the nephron
water, glucose, urea, ions, amino acids
