The Jazz Ensemble: Musical Instruments Flashcards
1
Q
Wind Instruments
A
brass and reed
- Largest in category of jazz instruments
- winds produce sound by vibrating a column of air, can be modified by changing the length of the column (depressing keys)
2
Q
Trumpet (Brass)
A
most common ( cornet was used until 1926 trumpet replaced it) - Various mutes placed in bell, change the timbre of the trumpet
3
Q
Trombone (Brass)
A
a slide changes pitch; it allows for glissando
4
Q
Brass instruments
A
sound is made by vibrating lips in a cuplike mouthpiece
5
Q
Reed instruments
A
sound is produced when blown air vibrates a flexible reed
6
Q
Clarinet (Reed)
A
Popular in New Orleans and swing jazz but declined in popularity afterward: 1910’s-1920’s
7
Q
Saxophone
A
*Alto, *tenor, soprano, and baritone types; by 1930 became one of the main instruments of jazz
8
Q
Rhythm Section
A
consists of instruments that provide harmony, bass and percussion
9
Q
Harmony instruments
A
Such instruments can play chords - Piano ( most important bc of popularity and range) - guitar - banjo - electric piano - organ - vibraphone More than one may be used; popular combination guitar and piano; most common bass, drums, and piano (or guitar)
10
Q
Bass Instruments
A
Plays strategic pitches of harmony in low register
- replaced by tuba by 1930; foundation of jazz ensemble
- harmonic support
- rhythmic foundation
- usually played by plucking strings w/fingers
- electric bass sometimes used in place of acoustic bas
11
Q
Percussion Instruments
A
- struck, shaken, scraped, rubbed
- Drum set (traps): one player uses all four limbs; originated from marching band where seperate players played seperate instruments bass drum, snare drum, cymbals
- vibraphone, maller metallophone sometimes used
- Latin percussion: congas, bongos, timbales, maracas, guiro, cabasa, claves, marimba
- African percussion: bells rattles drum xylophone
