The Italian Renaissance

Question 1

Rise of the Italian City-States

Answer 1

Wealthy Merchants

Urban Center

Question 2

Wealthy Merchants

Answer 2

Wealthy merchants formed oligarchies that governed the independent city-states in Northern Italy
Dominated political, economic, and artistic life in the northern Italian cities.
Did not inherit social rank, made them work harder

Question 3

Oligarchy

Answer 3

a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution

Question 4

Florence

Answer 4

Center of the Renaissance
Rebirth of classical learning, literature, and art
Wealth from textile merchants and bankers

Question 5

Medici

Answer 5

Dominated Florence’s economic, political, and artistic life for much of the fifteenth century
Earned wealth as bankers

Question 6

Celebration of the individual

Answer 6

Merchants took pride in achievements

Artists and writers eager to be remembered with self-portraits and autobiographies

Question 7

Classical Learning

Answer 7

Petrarch called medieval years the “dark ages”

Humanists

Question 8

Humanist Education

Answer 8

Studied the classics to understand human nature and learn practical skills
Opened schools and academies that Greek and Latin

Question 9

Baldassare Castiglione

Answer 9

1478-1529
Ideal Renaissance individual “universal man”
Wrote The Courtier
Perfect court lady should be well educated and charming

Question 10

The Courtier

Answer 10

Castiglione

Ideal Courtier should be polite, charming, and witty

Question 11

Turmoil in Italy

Answer 11

Lorenzo the Magnificent (a Medici) died and left Florence without a strong leader
Charles VIII invades Italy to conquer Naples
Ferdinand says no no and contests Charles VIII

Question 12

Niccolo Machiavelli

Answer 12

1469-1527
Florentine diplomat and political philosopher
Founder of modern political science

Question 13

The Prince

Answer 13

Written to advise Italian rulers what is needed to reunite divided Italy
Pessimistic view of human nature
A prince must be strong and shrewd
A ruler must be ruthless and realistic
End justifies the means

Question 14

Patron

Answer 14

Used art as a way of displaying their wealth and promoting their fame

Question 15

Perspective

Answer 15

Geometric method of creating the illusion of depth on a 2D surface

Question 16

Chiaroscuro

Answer 16

Realistic blending of light and shade to model forms

illusion of volume

Question 17

Leon Battista Alberti

Answer 17

Eliminated statues and other traditional features of Gothic architecture

Question 18

Michelangelo

Answer 18

Contrapposto pose recalls statues from Greece and Rome

Question 19

Raphael

Answer 19

School of Athens painting that illustrates the Renaissance ideals of order, unity, and symmetry

Question 20

Christine de Pizan

Answer 20

First feminist

First women in European history to earn a living as an author

Question 21

Perfect court lady

Answer 21

Castiglione

Believed the perfect court ladt sgould be attractive, well educated, and be able to paint, dance and play an intrument

Question 22

Isabella D’este

Answer 22

1475-1539
Most famous Renaissance women
Art Patron