Catholic Reformation and the

Question 1

Loyola

Answer 1

Suffered a severe injury and experienced a religious conversion
Dedicated his life to fighting for the pope and the catholic church

Question 2

Society of Jesus

Answer 2

Authorized by Pope Paul III

Those who joined were called Jesuits

Question 3

Jesuits

Answer 3

Joined by Loyola
Emphasized iron discipline and absolute obedience
Played a key role in preaching Christianity in the Americas and Asia

Question 4

Characteristics of Baroque Art

Answer 4

Dramatic use of light and dark called tenebrism
Subject matter focused on dramatic moments
Portrayal of everyday people who are not idealized

Question 5

Philip II

Answer 5

Father left him a vast empire of Spain, Milan, Naples, the Netherlands, and the overseas empire in the Americas

Question 6

Philip’s goals

Answer 6

Advance Spanish power in Europe
Champion Catholicism in Europe
Defeat Ottoman Turks in the eastern Mediterranean

Question 7

Battle of Lepanto

Answer 7

Spanish-Venetian fleet defeated the Turkish navy at Lepanto off the coast of Greece
Enhanced Philip’s prestige as a champion of Catholicism

Question 8

Philip and the Netherlands

Answer 8

Philip threatened traditional liberties and invoked riots
Philip’s response was to send 20,000 troops led by the Duke of Alva
Many showed opposition by converting to Calvinism
Provinces gained independence and became known as the Dutch

Question 9

Philip and England

Answer 9

Queen Elizabeth assisted Dutch rebels with money and troops

Outraged, Philip sent a 130 ship fleet, the Spanish Armada, to invade England but it never got there

Question 10

Consequences of Philip’s defeats

Answer 10

Spain began a long period of political and economic decline
Dutch entered a golden age of prosperity and creativity
England’s power increased

Question 11

Huguenots

Answer 11

French Calvinists

Question 12

Saint Bartholomew’s day massacre

Answer 12

With Catherine’s support, Catholics killed thousands of Huguenots gathered in Paris to celebrate a wedding
Violence spread to the provinces and 20,000 Huguenots were killed
Ignited a bloody civil war between Catholics and Huguenots

Question 13

Consequences of the Catholic and Huguenot civil war

Answer 13

Devastated French agriculture and commerce

Question 14

Politiques

Answer 14

Small group of Catholics and Huguenots who realized the destruction of France would make it collapse
Supported a strong monarchy and official recognition of the Huguenots

Question 15

Edict of Nantes

Answer 15

Henry IV was a Huguenot
Henry switched to Catholicism
Proclaimed the toleration of the rights of French Protestants

Question 16

Thirty Year’s War causes

Answer 16

Religious divisions
Political divisions
International interference, France opposed any policy that would create a strong Germany

Question 17

Phases of the Thiry Year’s War

Answer 17

Bohemian Phase - Habsburgs and Catholics become in control of Bohemia
Danish Phase - imperial armies crush protestant forces
Swedish Phase - Gustavus Adolphus defeats imperial forces
French Phase - French, Dutch, and Swedish armies burned German farms and destroyed German commerce

Question 18

Peace of Westphalia

Answer 18

Each German state could conduct diplomacy and make treaties
Rulers could decide religous faith in their teritory
Calvinism recognized as an acceptable faith
Independence of the Dutch Republic
Neutrality of Switzerland formally recognized

Question 19

Thirty Year’s War consequences

Answer 19

Devastated German economy an population
Left Germany politically fragmented
France kept the Holy Roman Empire divided and becomes the strongest power in Europe