The "Ism's"

Question 1

Eclecticism

Answer 1

1920 c. arch style in which a single piece of work is a mixture of elements from previous historical styles

Question 2

Purism

Answer 2

• art movement
• founded by Corbu
• critics Cubism
• Characterized by embrace in technology and produce a timeless and classical quality

Question 3

Cubism

Answer 3

-brings out abstraction, geometry, symbolism, distortion and fragmentation
- builds are characterized by sharp clear lines

Question 4

Classicism

Answer 4

Following Greek or Roman principles of harmony, restraint and adherence to form and craftsmanship

Question 5

Neoclassicism

Answer 5

• Western cultural movement in the decorative form
• Attitude based on arts of greek and Roman antiuitey

Question 6

Modernity

Answer 6

• embraced thought that privileged scientific reason
• arch style that is based on new technology of construction and the use of new materials
• (functionalism , minimalism, rejects ornamentation)
• demonstrating technology advancement
  -system scientific rational thought

Question 7

Historicism

Answer 7

• draws inspiration from recreating historic styles
• (revival architecture) (think neoclassical arch in gov’t (Washington))

Question 8

Realism

Answer 8

emphasize real nature of building forms and materials

Question 9

Sachlichkeit (realism in German)

Answer 9

• Focused on needs of man through structure, functionality, materiality, cost, and space needs
  -critiqued Baroque and Renaissance
  -Head Otto Wagner

Question 10

Baukust (Scientific Sachlichkeit)

Answer 10

• strict Sachlichkeit
• abstained from any ornamentation
• only form and purpose
• social agenda middle class and creating a comfortable way of life

Question 11

Avant- Guard

Answer 11

innovative radical

Question 12

Neo Avant- Guard

Answer 12

• Rise of ideas of the ecology of a building
• Utilizes digital technology
• Occurred during 1960s because of the rise of youth and populist culture

Question 13

Werkbund

Answer 13

Sought to define industrial craft and aesthetic standards, while integrating traditional crafts and industrial mass production

Question 14

Critical Regionalism

Answer 14

• Approached to arch that critiques international style for its lack of identity
• Rooted in modern tradition, but tied to geographical context

Question 15

Expressionist

Answer 15

• Movement in Europe characterized by novel materials, formal innovation, and unusual massing (biomorphic)

Question 16

Futurists

Answer 16

Characterized by long dynamic lines suggesting speed, motion and emergency

Question 17

De Stiji

Answer 17

Arch style from Netherlands characterized by primary colors, rectilinear shapes

Question 18

Taylorism

Answer 18

• influenced by Henry Ford’s assembly line
  -Scientific efficiency in European production

Question 19

Industralism

Answer 19

• umbrella term to describe buildings constructed that facilitate the heads of an industrial situation
• constructed for efficiency and safety processing raw materials into new products

Question 20

RearGuardism

Answer 20

-critiquing post modern philosophy
-promotes critical regionalism
-experimental orientated

Question 21

New Urbanism

Answer 21

• viewed post modernism as elitest
  -strategy that grew from history without a recourse to Regionalism
• Pedestrian pocket, Beachside, Florida
• Dense neighborhoods
  -environmental movement

Question 22

Humanism

Answer 22

• nature
  -set out to describe political ecology set out to describe political ecology that was destructive to ecology

Question 23

Post Humanism

Answer 23

• Rooted in science two social cultural context
• Skeptical of nature
• highlights greater role of technology in the environment

Question 24

Populism

Answer 24

Emphasizes large scale urban order and planning
Ex. Beachside, Florida