The introduction to the muscle Flashcards
Muscle Function
produce movement
maintenance of posture
respiration
generate heat
communication
contraction of organs and vessels
contraction of heart
functional characteristics
contractibility - ability to shorten
excitability - ability to respond stimulus
extensibility - ability to stretch
elasticity - ability to recoil
muscle types
skeletal muscle
smooth muscle
cardiac muscle
how to distinguish the types of muscle
location
cell shape and appearance
nucleus
special intracellular connection
striations
control
function
location of skeletal muscle
attached to bone or skin
location of smooth muscle
single unit muscle in walls of hollow visceral organs.
multi unit muscle in intrinsic eye muscles, airways, large arteries
location of cardiac muscle
walls of the heart
cell shape and appearance of skeletal muscle
long, cylindrical
cell shape and appearance of smooth muscle
spindle shape
cell shape and appearance of cardiac muscle
branched, cylindrical
nucleus of skeletal muscle
multiple, peripherally located
nucleus of smooth muscle
single, centrally located
nucleus of cardiac muscle
one or two, centrally located
special intracellular connection of skeletal muscle
none
special intracellular connection of smooth muscle
none
special intracellular connection of cardiac muscle
yes, intercalated
striations of skeletal muscle
yes “striated muscle”
striations of smooth muscle
no
striations of cardiac muscle
yes
control of skeletal muscle
voluntary
control of smooth muscle
involuntary
control of cardiac muscle
involuntary
function of skeletal muscle
moves whole body
function of smooth muscle
Move food though digestive
Empty urinary bladder
Regulate blood vessel diameter
Contract many glands
function of cardiac muscle
contract heart
synergists
skeletal muscles work in groups
what are fixators
muscles that stabilise structures
antagonist
muscle that opposes action of prime mover
gluteus
buttocks
maximus
large
minimus
small
longus
long
brevis
short
deltoid
triangular
quadratus
rectangular
teres
round and cylindrical
abductor
moves away from
adductor
moves towards
neuromuscular junction
A highly specialised synapse between a motor neuron nerve terminal and its muscle fibre that converts electrical impulses generated by the motor neuron into electrical activity in the muscle fibres.
