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CIE iGCSE Computer Science > The internet and its uses > Flashcards

The internet and its uses Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Internet?

A

A global infrastructure of interconnected networks

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2
Q

What is the World Wide Web?

A

All of the web pages that are accessible via the Internet.

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3
Q

What is a URL and what does it stand for?

A

Uniform Resource Locator
Each web page has its own unique text-based address

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4
Q

What is the purple part of this URL called?

A

Protocol

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5
Q

What is the red part of this URL called?

A

Host

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6
Q

What is the blue part of this URL called?

A

Domain Name

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7
Q

What is the green part of this URL called?

A

Web page / file name

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8
Q

What is a protocol?

A

A set of rules for communication between devices. It allows equipment from different suppliers to work together

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9
Q

What does HTTP stand for?

A

HyperText Transfer Protocol

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10
Q

What is HTTP?

A

The standard transmission protocol of the Web

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11
Q

What is the problem with HTTP?

A

Any data you enter into the site is sent in plaintext and is susceptible to hacking

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12
Q

What does HTTPS stand for?

A

HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure

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13
Q

What is HTTPS?

A

A secure protocol that encrypts any data sent between the website and your browser so that it can’t be understood if intercepted.

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14
Q

What are the functions of a browser?

A

Storing bookmarks and favourites
Recording user history
Storing cookies
Providing navigation tools
Allowing use of multiple tabs
Providing an address bar

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15
Q

What does HTML stand for and what is it?

A

Hypertext Markup Language

The standard markup language for creating web pages

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16
Q

What is an IP address?

A

A public address that is unique to each device. Every networked computer has an IP address

17
Q

What does a Domain Name Server do?

A

It converts a URL address into an IP address

This means that a browser on a client machine can make a request to the correct web server hosting that web page

18
Q

What happens if the DNS server doesn’t have an entry for the domain name?

A

It passes the request to a more authoritative DNS server. An error is sent back if no match is found.

19
Q

What are cookies?

A

Text files with small pieces of data

20
Q

What do cookies do?

A

They are used to track user preferences, hold items in a shopping cart, store login details and other personal details

21
Q

What are session cookies?

A

They are created and replaced each time a user visits a website

22
Q

What are persistent cookies?

A

They are created and saved on the first visit and retained until they expire

23
Q

What advantages come from using cookies for a retailer on an online shopping site?

A

The retailer can send personalised email advertisements to customers

The retailer can analyse quantity and value of sales/advertising

The retailer can implement one-click purchasing

24
Q

What are the advantages for the user when visiting an online shopping site that uses cookies?

A

They will not need to remember login details

They can use one-click purchasing

Websites will remember their personal customisations

25
Q

What is digital currency?

A

Any money-like asset that only exists in digital form. It is exchanged digitally with no physical banknotes or coins in circulation

26
Q

Why are digital currencies gaining in popularity?

A

Can transfer funds without the intervention of private banks

Reduced transfer fees and sped-up transaction completion time

Improves security and anonymity

27
Q

What is a blockchain?

A

A digital ledger –> a time-stamped series of transaction records sequentially linked in a chain, tracking the movement of a digital currency

28
Q

How does blockchain work?

A
  • Each new transaction is added onto a chain of transaction blocks
  • Each block will carry the user’s ID number and a reference to the previous block. This is known as a hash total and is calculated with a hashing algorithm
  • A change of data in one block will create a ripple effect of incorrect hash totals
  • The blockchain will be stored on multiple different servers, and if one chain doesn’t match all others, it will be rejected

CIE iGCSE Computer Science (15 decks)

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