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CIE iGCSE Computer Science > Data Representation > Flashcards

Data Representation Flashcards

1
Q

How many GiB in a TiB?

A

1024 GiB

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2
Q

How many MiB in a GiB?

A

1024 MiB

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3
Q

What are the uses of hexadecimal?

A

Colour values in photo editing software
MAC addresses
IPv6 addresses
Unicode

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4
Q

What is an overflow error?

A

A computer or a device has a predefined limit that it can represent or store (e.g. 32 bits).
Once a values falls outside this limit, an overflow error occurs

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5
Q

How to convert using a Two’s Complement Signed Integer?

A

Flip the bits and add 1

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6
Q

What is a character set?

A

Consists of all the letters, numbers and special characters that can be recognised by a computer system.

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7
Q

How many characters/bits does the ASCII character set use?

A

128 characters / 7 bits

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8
Q

How many characters/bits does the Extended ASCII character set use?

A

256 characters / 8 bits

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9
Q

How many characters/bits does the Unicode character set use?

A

65,356 characters / 16 bits

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10
Q

What is sample rate measured in?

A

Frequency in Hertz

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11
Q

What is the sample rate?

A

How often the height is recorded (x-axis)

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12
Q

What is the sample resolution?

A

The accuracy to which the height is recorded (y-axis)

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13
Q

What is sample resolution “measured” in?

A

Bit depth

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14
Q

How to calculate file size of a sound file in bytes?

A

(Sample rate x Sample frequency x Length) / 8

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15
Q

What is the colour depth of an image?

A

The number of bits required to represent the number of colours in the image

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16
Q

What is the image resolution of an image?

A

The number of pixels in the image (i.e. the area of the image ~ b x h)

17
Q

What is metadata?

A

The information that allows us to recreate the image on the screen

18
Q

How to calculate the file size of an image file in bytes?

A

(Image resolution x Colour depth) /8

19
Q

What file formats use Lossy compression?

A

JPG, MP3, MPG

20
Q

What are the advantages of Lossy compression?

A

Biggest reduction in file size
Least transmission time
Reduces Internet traffic and collisions

21
Q

What are the disadvantages of Lossy compression?

A

Detail is permanently lost by reducing the colour depth, resolution or rate

22
Q

When would Lossy compression be used?

A

Music streaming
Online images and video
Image libraries on devices or in the cloud

23
Q

What file formats use Lossless compression?

A

TIF, PDF, GIF, PNG, ZIP

24
Q

What are the advantages of Lossless compression?

A

Original quality is preserved / no information or data is lost

25
Q

What are the disadvantages of Lossless compression?

A

Less significant reduction in file size

26
Q

When would Lossless compression be used?

A

Text documents
Electronic books
High resolution documents

CIE iGCSE Computer Science (15 decks)

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