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Computer Science > The Internet and how it works > Flashcards

The Internet and how it works Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a packet?

A

A small parcel of data including a heading

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2
Q

What is in a packet header?

A

Destination address or packet number

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3
Q

What is a bottleneck?

A

A congested path in a network

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4
Q

What is packet switching?

A

The process of sending different packets on different routes

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5
Q

What is a router?

A

A network device that connects different networks together

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6
Q

What is a gateway?

A

A network device that connects different networks with different protocols together

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7
Q

What is the difference between a router and gateway?

A

A gateway allows the connection of networks with different protocols, router only connects networks with the same protocols

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8
Q

What are the advantages of packet switching?

A

Avoid bottlenecks or slow links
avoid broken links
each packet can take the shortest route at that time

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9
Q

What is a uniform resource locator (URL)?

A

A standard structure for addressing an online resource using alphanumeric string

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10
Q

What is a Domain name?

A

The identifier for an individual or organisation’s online presence

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11
Q

What is the path of a URL?

A

The location of the file/folder on a server that is being addressed

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12
Q

What is top level domain (TLD)?

A

The right most term in a domain name (.co.uk,.gov,.com)

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13
Q

What is a hostname?

A

The device within the network that is being addressed

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14
Q

What is a fully qualified domain name (FQDN)?

A

A domain name that addresses the exact resource including a hostname

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15
Q

What is a IP address?

A

A numerical reference for a device on a network

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16
Q

What is a Domain Name System?

A

A system to look up domain names to find their corresponding IP addresses

17
Q

What is an Internet registry?

A

A body that is responsible for the allocation of IP addresses

18
Q

What are the main parts of a URL?

A

Protocol
Domain name
Path

19
Q

What 3 rules specify an IP address format?

A

Four 8 bit numbers
Between 0-255
Separated by full stops

20
Q

Why are domain names used over IP addresses?

A

Domain names are much easier to remember, easier

to type correctly and more meaningful

21
Q

What is the process of accessing a webpage?

A

Web browser sends a DNS lookup request to a DNS server, DNS server looks up domain name to find correct IP address, IP address is returned to web browser
Web browser requests web page data from server located at that IP address, web server generates requested data, web page data is returned to web browser, web browser renders webpage

22
Q

How come no two domain names share IP addresses?

A

Internet registries maintain control of allocating IP addresses

Computer Science (29 decks)

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