The Internet and how it works Flashcards
What is a packet?
A small parcel of data including a heading
What is in a packet header?
Destination address or packet number
What is a bottleneck?
A congested path in a network
What is packet switching?
The process of sending different packets on different routes
What is a router?
A network device that connects different networks together
What is a gateway?
A network device that connects different networks with different protocols together
What is the difference between a router and gateway?
A gateway allows the connection of networks with different protocols, router only connects networks with the same protocols
What are the advantages of packet switching?
Avoid bottlenecks or slow links
avoid broken links
each packet can take the shortest route at that time
What is a uniform resource locator (URL)?
A standard structure for addressing an online resource using alphanumeric string
What is a Domain name?
The identifier for an individual or organisation’s online presence
What is the path of a URL?
The location of the file/folder on a server that is being addressed
What is top level domain (TLD)?
The right most term in a domain name (.co.uk,.gov,.com)
What is a hostname?
The device within the network that is being addressed
What is a fully qualified domain name (FQDN)?
A domain name that addresses the exact resource including a hostname
What is a IP address?
A numerical reference for a device on a network
What is a Domain Name System?
A system to look up domain names to find their corresponding IP addresses
What is an Internet registry?
A body that is responsible for the allocation of IP addresses
What are the main parts of a URL?
Protocol
Domain name
Path
What 3 rules specify an IP address format?
Four 8 bit numbers
Between 0-255
Separated by full stops
Why are domain names used over IP addresses?
Domain names are much easier to remember, easier
to type correctly and more meaningful
What is the process of accessing a webpage?
Web browser sends a DNS lookup request to a DNS server, DNS server looks up domain name to find correct IP address, IP address is returned to web browser
Web browser requests web page data from server located at that IP address, web server generates requested data, web page data is returned to web browser, web browser renders webpage
How come no two domain names share IP addresses?
Internet registries maintain control of allocating IP addresses
